Distinct SARS-CoV-2 populational immune backgrounds tolerate divergent RBD evolutionary preferences  

作　　者：Wentai Ma Haoyi Fu Fanchong Jian Yunlong Cao Mingkun Li 

机构地区：[1]Beijing Institute of Genomics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and China National Center for Bioinformation,Beijing 100101,China [2]University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China [3]Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center(BIOPIC),Peking University,Beijing 100871,China [4]Changping Laboratory,Beijing 102206,China

出　　处：《National Science Review》2024年第7期89-99,共11页国家科学评论（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the Key Collaborative Research Program of the Alliance of International Science Organizations(ANSO-CR-KP-2022-09 to M.L.);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82161148009 to M.L.);the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB38030400 to M.L.).

摘　　要：Immune evasion is a pivotal force shaping the evolution of viruses.Nonetheless,the extent to which virus evolution varies among populations with diverse immune backgrounds remains an unsolved mystery.Prior to the widespread SARS-CoV-2 infections in December 2022 and January 2023,the Chinese population possessed a markedly distinct(less potent)immune background due to its low infection rate,compared to countries experiencing multiple infection waves,presenting an unprecedented opportunity to investigate how the virus has evolved under different immune contexts.We compared the mutation spectrum and functional potential of the newly derived mutations that occurred in BA.5.2.48,BF.7.14 and BA.5.2.49—variants prevalent in China—with their counterparts in other countries.We found that the emerging mutations in the receptor-binding-domain region in these lineages were more widely dispersed and evenly distributed across different epitopes.These mutations led to a higher angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)binding affinity and reduced potential for immune evasion compared to their counterparts in other countries.These findings suggest a milder immune pressure and less evident immune imprinting within the Chinese population.Despite the emergence of numerous immune-evading variants in China,none of them outcompeted the original strain until the arrival of the XBB variant,which had stronger immune evasion and subsequently outcompeted all circulating variants.Our findings demonstrated that the continuously changing immune background led to varying evolutionary pressures on SARS-CoV-2.Thus,in addition to viral genome surveillance,immune background surveillance is also imperative for predicting forthcoming mutations and understanding how these variants spread in the population.

关 键 词：SARS-CoV-2 evolution mutation population immunity 

分 类 号：R373[医药卫生—病原生物学]