中国油气矿业权管理改革进展、问题及政策建议  

Reforming progress, problems, and countermeasures of exploration rightregime of oil & gas resources in China

作　　者：潘继平 PAN Jiping(Energy Economic Institute of CNOOC)

机构地区：[1]中国海油集团能源经济研究院

出　　处：《国际石油经济》2024年第7期17-26,共10页International Petroleum Economics

摘　　要：为促进油气勘探开发和增储上产,保障国家能源安全,国家有关政府部门加快油气资源管理改革步伐,着力进行油气矿业权改革,实施了力度空前的探矿权勘查面积退减政策,积极开展探矿权竞争性出让,取得了进展与成效。油气探矿权勘查面积退减和竞争性出让政策仍存在亟待改进完善的问题。探矿权勘查面积退减存在的问题有:退减力度过大,退减比例过高;实行“一刀切”,不利于鼓励勘探投入;缺乏对有关退减矿业权的补偿机制;探矿权退减监管工作较薄弱。探矿权竞争性出让存在的问题包括:竞争机制有待完善;出让方式单一;出让力度不足;出让频次低且缺乏规律性;配套服务和支撑条件不足。为进一步激发油气上游市场活力,建议加快构建适应加大油气勘探开发和增储上产力度需要的法律法规;完善油气探矿权面积退减机制,尽快出台专门管理办法;完善油气探矿权区块出让机制,尽快出台相应管理办法;加强并完善油气探矿权退减和出让的配套政策与服务。In order to promote oil and gas exploration and development,increase reserves and production,and ensure national energy security,China has launched the new reform program of the oil and gas resource exploration right regime to advance a nationwide oil exploration and development program aimed at increasing oil and gas production.Unprecedented reforms including stricter relinquishment obligations of exploring right acreage and more competitive transfers of exploration rights got some success.However,such problems in relinquishing exploration acreage polices as excessive refund efforts and high refund ratios,the implementation of a“one size fits all”approach not conducive to encouraging investment in exploration,the lack of a compensation mechanism for refunded mining rights,and weak supervision of the refund of relinquishment obligations of exploring rights.Furthermore,problems with the competitive granting of exploration rights include imperfect competition mechanism,single granting method,insufficient granting effort,low frequency of granting and weak regularity,and insufficient supporting services and support conditions.In order to further stimulate the vitality of the upstream oil and gas market,it is recommended to speed up the construction of laws and regulations adapted to the needs of increasing oil and gas exploration&development and increasing reserves and production,improve the mechanism for relinquishment policies of oil&gas mining rights,and issue special management methods,improve the mechanism for granting blocks of exploring rights,introduce the corresponding management methods,and strengthen and improve the supportive policies and services of relinquishment and granting oil&gas exploring rights.

关 键 词：石油天然气资源 矿业权 探矿权 勘查区块 面积退减 竞争性出让 政策 

分 类 号：F426.22[经济管理—产业经济]