重离子碰撞中整体极化的实验研究  

Experimental Studies of Global Polarization in Heavy-ion Collisions

作　　者：陈金辉 CHEN Jinhui(Institute of modern physics&Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application(MOE),Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学现代物理研究所&核物理与离子束应用教育部重点实验室,上海200438

出　　处：《原子核物理评论》2024年第1期20-25,共6页Nuclear Physics Review

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFA1604900);国家自然科学基金资助项目(12025501)。

摘　　要：非对心的相对论重离子碰撞在反应区域产生了巨大的轨道角动量,该轨道角动量能够以流体涡旋的形式传递到反应过程产生的夸克-胶子等离子体中(Quark-Gluon Plasma,QGP),QGP中的夸克和胶子通过自旋-轨道相互作用将沿着系统轨道角动量方向极化,即“QGP的整体极化”效应。经过近二十年的探索,重离子碰撞中Λ超子和φ、K^(*0)矢量介子的整体极化的实验数据证实了QGP整体极化的新现象,这引起了研究人员的广泛关注,成为高能核物理前沿新的热点研究方向。本文简略描述重离子碰撞中整体极化的实验测量,聚焦在Λ超子的整体极化和φ、K^(*0)矢量介子的自旋排列,并讨论实验数据给出的物理信息。The huge orbital angular momentum generated by non-central relativistic heavy-ion collisions in the reaction zone can be transferred to the quark-gluon plasma(QGP)in the form of fluid vortices.Partons in the QGP will be polarized along the angular momentum through the spin-orbit interaction,the so-called“Globla Polarization”.After nearly two decades of exploration,experimental data on the global polarization ofΛhyperons andϕ,K^(*0) vector mesons in heavy-ion collisions have confirmed a new phenomenon of QGP global polarization,which has attracted widespread attention from researchers and become a new hot direction in the forefront of high-energy nuclear physics.This paper briefly describe the experimental measurements of global polarization in heavy-ion collisions,focusing on the global polarization ofΛhyperons and the spin alignment ofϕ,K^(*0) mesons,followed by a brief discussion of the physics information provided by the experimental data.

关 键 词：重离子碰撞 QGP的整体极化 超子极化 矢量介子自旋排列 

分 类 号：O571.53[理学—粒子物理与原子核物理]