基于防缠绕技术的胡麻蒴果收获试验台设计与试验  

Design and experiment of flax capsule harvest test-bed based on anti-entanglement technology

作　　者：徐福龙 贺俊林[1] 王韬 周精浦 许严顺 童斌 XU Fulong;HE Junlin;WANG Tao;ZHOU Jingpu;XU Yanshun;TONG Bin(College of Agricultural Engineering,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China;LIMIN Industry Co.Ltd of Shanxi,Taigu 030800,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农业工程学院,山西太谷030801 [2]山西利民工业有限责任公司,山西太谷030800

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2024年第4期109-116,共8页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：国家特色油料产业技术体系胡麻大同综合试验站(CARS-14-2-06);山西农业大学科技创新基金项目(Zdpy201802).

摘　　要：针对胡麻机械化收获过程中植株缠绕脱粒滚筒问题,提出了1种基于割前摘脱原理的胡麻蒴果收获方式,设计了1种梳刷气吸复合式胡麻蒴果收获试验台。依据前期梳齿式胡麻蒴果梳刷试验台的台架试验结果,对试验台的关键零部件进行设计选型,对主要部件进行了动力学分析,对试验台的性能进行了台架试验研究。台架试验结果表明:各因数对蒴果脱尽率的影响都不显著,梳齿截面形状、离心式通风机风量和其它因素对蒴果破壳率的影响分别为显著、极显著和不显著,离心式通风机风量和其它因素对蒴果收集率的影响分别为极显著和不显著,梳齿截面形状和其它因素对植株缠绕率的影响分别为显著和不显著;得到较优试验因素组合梳齿截面形状为矩形、梳刷滚筒转速90 r/min、机具行进相对速度80 mm/s、离心风机风量6000 m^(3)/h;验证试验结果表明:在较优试验因素组合作业条件下,蒴果脱尽率为96.46%、破壳率98.91%、收集率95.66%、植株缠绕率2.52%。该试验台提供了解决胡麻植株缠绕脱粒滚筒和胡麻蒴果收集问题的可行性方案。In order to solve the problem of flax winding drum during the mechanized harvest process.a flax capsule harvest method was proposed based on the principle of pre-harvest stripping,and a testbed for flax capsule harvest was designed combining comb brush and air suction.The key part of the testbed was designed and selected according to the early results of flax capsule comb brush test,followed by dynamics analysis of the main components and bench test of its performance.The results of the bench test showed that none of the parameters had significant effects on capsule defoliation rate.The influence of comb section shape,centrifugal fan air volume and the other factors on capsule shell breaking rate was significant,extremely significant and insignificant,respectively.The effects of centrifugal fan air volume and the other factors on capsule collection rate were extremely significant and insignificant.Comb tooth section shape significantly affected plant winding rate.The optimal combination of the test factors was as follows:comb tooth section was rectangular;rotary speed of the brush drum was 90 r/min;relative speed of the machine was 80 mm/s;and centrifugal fan air volume was 6000 m3/h.The verification test results showed that defoliation rate,shell breaking rate,collection rate and flax plants winding rate were 96.46%,98.91%,95.66%and 2.52%,respectively.The harvest testbed provided the feasibility scheme for the problem of plant winding drum and capsule collection.

关 键 词：防缠绕 胡麻蒴果 收获试验台 梳刷气吸 收获原理 

分 类 号：S225.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]