贵州省桐梓县耕地表层土壤钾元素分布特征及生态环境评价  

Distribution characteristics and ecological environment assessment of potassium in topsoil of cultivated land in Tongzi County,Guizhou Province

作　　者：潘有良 费光春[1] 张钟华[2] 杨恩林 王小洪 刘浩[2] 肖波[2] 吴鹏[2] 肖玉 PAN Youliang;FEI Guangchun;ZHANG Zhonghua;YANG Enlin;WANG Xiaohong;LIU Hao;XIAO Bo;WU Peng;XIAO Yu(College of Earth Science,Key Laboratory of Tectonic Controls on Mineralization and Hydrocarbon Accumulation,Ministry of Natural Resources,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,Sichuan,China;117 Geological Party,Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration&Development,Guiyang 550018,Guizhou,China;School of Geography and Environmental Science,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]成都理工大学地球科学学院,自然资源部构造成矿成藏重点实验室,四川成都610059 [2]贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局117地质大队,贵州贵阳550018 [3]贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《中国地质》2024年第4期1304-1318,共15页Geology in China

基　　金：贵州省桐梓县耕地质量地球化学调查评价(2017-19)资助。

摘　　要：【研究目的】钾是植物必需的三大营养元素之一,也是土壤肥力的重要影响因子。开展桐梓县耕地表层土壤钾分布特征研究,为县域农业发展、生态环境评价提供环境地质本底参考。【研究方法】本文以桐梓县为研究区,依据耕地质量地球化学调查所获得的表层土壤样品中钾、速效钾等指标数据,系统地探讨了耕地表层土壤钾和速效钾的含量、空间分布特征、等级状况及影响因素。【研究结果】研究区耕地表层土壤钾含量范围为2.50~49.60g/kg,平均值为20.30 g/kg;钾含量整体以中等、较丰富、丰富等级为主。速效钾含量范围为22.40~684.00 mg/kg,平均值为112.66 mg/kg;速效钾含量整体为中等至较缺乏等级。耕地表层土壤钾、阳离子交换量与速效钾呈正相关关系,pH与速效钾呈负相关关系。【结论】研究区耕地表层土壤钾、速效钾分布不均衡。耕地表层土壤钾受地质背景影响显著,高值区、低值区的分布与区内地层、构造套合较好。耕地表层土壤钾含量主受控于成土母岩,钾在灰岩及其形成的土壤中含量较低,其在南部乡镇集中大面积缺乏与广泛分布的二叠系茅口组灰岩母岩区有关。This paper is the result of Agricultural geological survey engineering.Objective Potassium is one of the three essential nutrients for plants and an important factor influencing soil fertility.Distribution characteristics of potassium in topsoil of cultivated land in Tongzi County was carried out to provide environmental geological background reference for county agricultural development and ecological environment evaluation.Methods Taking Tongzi County as the research area,this paper systematically discussed the content,spatial distribution,grade status and influencing factors of potassium and available potassium in surface soil samples obtained from cultivated land quality geochemical survey.Results The content of potassium in topsoil of cultivated land in the study area ranged from 2.50 to 49.60 g/kg,with an average of 20.30 g/kg,and the overall potassium content is mainly in medium,relatively rich and rich grade.The content of available potassium ranging from 22.40 to 684.00 mg/kg,with an average of 112.66 mg/kg,and the content of available potassium was in moderate to relatively deficient grade.Potassium and cation exchange capacity are positively correlated with available potassium,while the pH is negatively correlated with available potassium in topsoil of cultivated land.Conclusions The distribution of potassium and available potassium in topsoil of cultivated land in the study area is uneven.The geological factor plays an essential role in the content of potassium in topsoil of cultivated land,and the distribution of high−value and low−value of potassium is well integrated with the stratigraphic and tectonics of the study area.The content of potassium in topsoil of cultivated land is mainly controlled by the parent rock,which is relatively low in the limestone and forming soil.Large−scale potassium depletion in the southern part of the study area is related to the widely distributed of the Permian Maokou Formation limestone.

关 键 词：耕地 土地质量地球化学 钾元素 速效钾 成土母岩 农业地质调查工程 桐梓县 贵州省 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]