地外天体软着陆过程羽流扬尘特性研究现状及展望  

Research Progress and Prospects on the Characteristics of Dust Ejection Induced by Plume during Soft Landing on Extraterrestrial Celestial Bodies

作　　者：张海燕 李得天[1] 王鹢 李存惠[1] 张伟[3] 张小平[4] 王永军[1] ZHANG Haiyan;LI Detian;WANG Yi;LI Cunhui;ZHANG Wei;ZHANG Xiaoping;WANG Yongjun(Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory,Lanzhou Institute of Physics,Lanzhou 730000,China;National Key Laboratory of Space Environment and Matter Behaviors,Harbin 150001,China;Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering,Beijing 100094,China;State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences,Macao University of Science and Technology,Macao 999078,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州空间技术物理研究所真空技术与物理重点实验室,兰州730000 [2]空间环境与物质作用全国重点实验室,哈尔滨150001 [3]北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京100094 [4]澳门科技大学月球与行星科学国家重点实验室,中国澳门999078

出　　处：《宇航学报》2024年第7期983-994,共12页Journal of Astronautics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62371215,42004157);中国科协青年人才托举工程(YESS20230523);空间环境与物质全国重点实验室(WDZC-HGD-2022-08);甘肃省青年人才托举工程(2021-75)。

摘　　要：地外天体软着陆过程中,反推发动机羽流作用于天体表面风化层诱发的侵蚀扬尘是影响软着陆安全的最主要因素。首先对羽流扬尘现象的物理过程、侵蚀机制研究现状进行梳理总结,总结出侵蚀机制主要包括粘性剪切侵蚀、扩散气体喷发、承载力破坏和扩散驱动流动4种;其次,对部分探月和探火任务的在轨侵蚀结果、仿真模型和经验公式的研究现状进行研究分析,得出月球表面和火星表面因背景压力和风化层物质特性差异会产生不同的侵蚀机制,而在相同条件下的侵蚀机制也会随发动机个数和总推力的变化而变化,有必要对物理机理和扬尘特性进行进一步细化研究;最后,结合未来地外天体软着陆任务需求,提出了羽流扬尘原位测量、仿真预测模型和羽流扬尘消除3种用于未来探测任务羽流扬尘预测和防护的关键技术,以期对未来软着陆任务顺利执行起到一定的保障作用。In the process of soft landing on extraterrestrial bodies,the engine plume acting on celestial surface regolith would induce dust injection,which is the most important factor affecting the safety of soft landing.The current understanding of the physical processes and erosion mechanisms is firstly reviewed,which identifying four main types:viscous shear erosion,diffused gas eruption,bearing capacity failure,and diffusion-driven flow.Secondly,part of the lunar and martian missions’research status on the plume erosion result,simulation models,and empirical formulas are analyzed.The findings indicate that the erosion mechanism are different due to their background pressure difference,and the erosion mechanism also varies with the number of engines and the total thrust under the same conditions.It is necessary to conduct further detailed research on the physical mechanism and dust ejectionn characteristics.Finally,according to the requirements of future extraterrestrial soft landing missions,three key technologies for plume dust prediction and protection of future exploration missions are proposed,namely,in-situ measurement of plume dust,simulation prediction model and plume dust removal,in order to ensure the smooth implementation of future soft landing missions.

关 键 词：地外天体软着陆 发动机羽流 侵蚀扬尘 侵蚀机制 软着陆安全 

分 类 号：V19[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]