硝酸羟胺基固体推进剂电控燃烧特性实验研究  

Experimental Study on Electronic Control Combustion Characteristics of Hydroxylamine-nitrate-based Solid Propellant

作　　者：胡泽君 吴建军[1] 欧阳 何志成 张宇[1] 彭琴惠 HU Zejun;WU Jianjun;OU Yang;HE Zhicheng;ZHANG Yu;PENG Qinhui(College of Aerospace Science,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学空天科学学院,长沙410073

出　　处：《宇航学报》2024年第7期1040-1051,共12页Journal of Astronautics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(T2221002,22205258,52302485)。

摘　　要：硝酸羟胺基固体推进剂以硝酸羟胺(HAN)为氧化剂,聚乙烯醇(PVA)为粘合剂,具有可电控燃烧、产气无毒害、能量特性好的特点,然而工作性能不稳定、点火机理不明朗的问题是限制其工程实际应用的主要因素之一。针对以上问题,制备了不同成分配比的推进剂,利用扫描电镜能谱仪和电化学工作站对推进剂的微观形貌、元素分布和电导率进行分析,然后对推进剂的点火功率、推进剂温度、火焰结构、熄灭特性进行实验研究并优选了最佳成分配比。实验结果表明,推进剂中PVA的含量越高,PVA分子链交联形成的骨架结构越紧密,造成推进剂的电导率更低,所需的点火功率更高,燃烧过程中推进剂表面温度也会更高,熄灭后推进剂的自分解会更剧烈,不利于推进剂的高效燃烧和重复点火。PVA的最佳质量分数为18%。另外,电化学阻抗是影响推进剂电能注入的重要因素,PVA含量过低会导致电能难以注入,使得推进剂表面无法达到点火温度。Hydroxylamine nitrate-based solid propellant,comprising hydroxylamine nitrate(HAN)as the oxidising agent and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)as the binder,displays the following characteristics:electrically controllable combustion,non-toxicity of the gas production,and good energy characteristics.However,its unstable working performance and unclear ignition mechanism represent significant limitations to its engineering practical application.Facing those questions,a series of propellants with varying composition ratios are prepared and analysed.The microscopic morphology,elemental distribution and conductivity of the propellants are investigated using a scanning electron microscope spectrometer and electrochemical workstation.Subsequently,the ignition power,propellant temperature,flame structure and extinguishing characteristics of the propellants are experimentally investigated,and the optimal composition ratios are identified.The experimental results demonstrate that an increase in the PVA content of the propellant leads to a more compact skeleton structure formed by crosslinking of PVA molecular chains.This,in turn,results in a reduction in the conductivity of the propellant,an increase in the ignition power required,and a higher surface temperature.During combustion,the propellant undergoes a process of self-decomposition,which is not conducive to efficient combustion and repetitive ignition.The optimal mass fraction of PVA is 18%.In addition,electrochemical impedance represents a crucial factor influencing the injection of propellant electrical energy.A PVA content that is too low will impede the injection of electrical energy,preventing the propellant surface from reaching the ignition temperature.

关 键 词：固体推进剂 硝酸羟胺 配方优化 电控燃烧 点火燃烧特性 

分 类 号：V439[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]