2014—2023年温州市狂犬病暴露人群特征分析  

Characteristics of rabies-exposed population in Wenzhou City from 2014 to 2023

作　　者：王坚 谢华森 池海潮 李晓伟 乐思羽 倪朝荣[1] WANG Jian;XIE Huasen;CHI Haichao;LI Xiaowei;LE Siyu;NI Chaorong(Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention,Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Wenzhou Public Health Inspection Institute),Wenzhou,Zhejiang 325000,China;Lucheng District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Wenzhou,Zhejiang 325000,China)

机构地区：[1]温州市疾病预防控制中心(温州市卫生监督所)传染病防制所,浙江温州325000 [2]温州市鹿城区疾病预防控制中心,浙江温州325000

出　　处：《预防医学》2024年第8期710-713,共4页China Preventive Medicine Journal

摘　　要：目的了解2014—2023年浙江省温州市狂犬病暴露人群特征,为狂犬病的预防和控制提供依据。方法通过温州市犬伤门诊上报的《温州市狂犬病暴露人群情况汇总表》收集2014—2023年温州市狂犬病暴露人群资料,描述性分析致伤动物类型、暴露时间、暴露等级、暴露部位和暴露后处置情况。结果2014—2023年温州市狂犬病暴露病例709900例,暴露率呈上升趋势(Z=7.238,P<0.001),年均暴露率为750.75/10万。暴露高峰为7—8月,分别为79230和78570例,占11.16%和11.07%。致伤动物以犬为主,448900例占63.23%,暴露率呈下降趋势(Z=-5.921,P<0.001);其次为猫,175142例占24.67%,暴露率呈上升趋势(Z=23.314,P<0.001)。暴露部位以上肢和下肢为主,分别379695和287521例,占53.49%和40.50%。头面部暴露21034例,占2.96%,暴露率呈上升趋势(Z=3.549,P<0.001)。暴露等级以Ⅱ级为主,403881例占56.89%,暴露率呈上升趋势(Z=8.769,P<0.001)。Ⅲ级暴露人群狂犬病被动免疫制剂使用率为23.13%,呈下降趋势(Z=-12.848,P<0.001)。结论2014—2023年温州市狂犬病暴露率呈上升趋势,7—8月为暴露高峰;以犬致伤为主,猫致伤暴露率呈上升趋势;狂犬病被动免疫制剂使用率有待提高。Objective To investigate the characteristics of rabies-exposed population in Wenzhou City,Zhejiang Province from 2014 to 2023,so as to provide insights into the prevention and control of rabies.Methods Data of rabies exposed population in Wenzhou City from 2014 to 2023 were collected through Wenzhou Rabies-Exposed Population Summary Sheet reported by dog injury clinics.The species of animals causing injuries,exposure time,exposure grade,exposure site,and post-exposure treatment were descriptively analyzed.Results Totally 709900 patients were admitted to dog injury clinics in Wenzhou City from 2014 to 2023,and the exposure rate showed an increasing trend(Z=7.238,P<0.001),with an average annual exposure rate of 750.75/105.The number of cases with exposure to rabies peaked in July(79230 cases,11.16%)and August(78570 cases,11.07%).Dogs were predominant animals causing injuries(448900 cases,63.23%),and the exposure rate showed a downward trend(Z=-5.921,P<0.001);cats were the second(175142 cases,24.67%),and the exposure rate showed an upward trend(Z=23.314,P<0.001).The upper(379695 cases,53.49%)and lower limbs(287521 cases,40.50%)were the main exposure sites.There were 21034 cases(2.96%)exposed to head and face,and the exposure rate of head and face showed an upward trend(Z=3.549,P<0.001).GradeⅡexposure was the most common(403881 cases,56.89%),and the exposure rate showed an upward trend(Z=8.769,P<0.001).The proportion of using human rabies immune globulin was 23.13%in GradeⅢexposed population,showing a downward trend(Z=-12.848,P<0.001).Conclusions The exposure rate of rabies in Wenzhou City showed an upward trend from 2014 to 2023,with July and August as the peak months of exposure.Injuries mainly caused by dogs,while the exposure rate of cat bites showed an upward trend.The proportion of using human rabies immune globulin needs to be improved.

关 键 词：狂犬病 犬伤门诊 暴露人群 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]