基于尾波干涉的飞机蒙皮微裂纹检测方法研究  

Research on Aircraft Skin Microcrack Detection Method Based on Coda Wave Interference

作　　者：詹湘琳 张超亮 李萌 ZHAN Xianglin;ZHANG Chaoliang;LI Meng(College of Electronic Information and Automation,Civil Aviation University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国民航大学电子信息与自动化学院

出　　处：《仪表技术与传感器》2024年第7期116-121,共6页Instrument Technique and Sensor

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61102097)。

摘　　要：常规超声波无损检测方法的检测极限为超声波波长的1/2,难以检测出机身蒙皮早期微裂纹损伤。文中探究了地震学中的尾波干涉法应用于蒙皮早期微裂纹检伤的可能性。首先,建立尾波的理论模型,以马尔科夫链中的粒子随机游走撞击过程解释了尾波信号的传播特征,并利用有限元工具Abaqus搭建蒙皮模型,明确了蒙皮材料中尾波信号的成因。其次,搭建一系列裂纹损伤程度在μm级的蒙皮模型,将尾波信号与蒙皮的微裂纹损伤特征进行联系。仿真结果表明,随着微裂纹尺寸和微裂纹偏转角度增加,其对应的尾波波速相对变化也线性增加,且微裂纹尺寸的增长对尾波相对波速的变化影响占主导地位。最后,搭建尾波实验台,实验结果验证了尾波方法具有超过常规超声检测方法的检测精度。The detection limit of conventional ultrasonic non-destructive testing methods is half of the wavelength of ultrasonic waves,making it difficult to detect early microcrack damage to the fuselage skin.The article explored the possibility of using the coda wave interference method in seismology for early detection of skin microcracks.Firstly,a theoretical model of the coda wave was established,and the propagation characteristics of the coda wave signal were explained by the random walk and impact process of particles in the Markov chain.A skin model was constructed using the finite element tool Abaqus to clarify the origin of the coda wave signal in the skin material.Secondly,a series of skin models with crack damage levels at the micrometer level was built,and the coda wave signal was associated with the micro crack damage characteristics of the skin.The simulation results show that as the size of microcracks and the deflection angle of microcracks increase,the corresponding relative variation of coda wave velocity also increases linearly,and the growth of microcrack size has a dominant impact on the variation of coda wave relative velocity.Finally,a coda wave experimental platform was built,and the experimental results verify that the coda wave method has higher detection accuracy than conventional ultrasonic testing methods.

关 键 词：无损检测 超声波 尾波 机身蒙皮 有限元 散射波 

分 类 号：TP274[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]