水体和滤食性贝类传播新型冠状病毒的研究进展  

Advances in the transmission of novel coronavirus through water and filter-feeding shellfish

作　　者：吕陈昂 王大鹏[1] LYU Chen’ang;WANG Dapeng(Department of Food Science and Technology,School of Agriculture and Biology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学农业与生物学院食品科学与工程系,上海200240

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2024年第4期584-590,共7页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：上海市科学技术委员会“科技创新行动计划”启明星项目/启明星培育-扬帆专项(22YF1420600)。

摘　　要：严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2)即新型冠状病毒,依然严重威胁着高龄或免疫力受损等脆弱人群的健康与生命安全。明确并切断SARS-CoV-2的各种传播途径是科学防控疫情、保护脆弱人群的关键手段。除呼吸道传播,SARS-CoV-2能否通过水或食物进行“粪-口”途径传播尚无定论。滤食性贝类可富集水体中的多种病原,是食源性病毒的重要传播载体。但是,滤食性贝类是否也能富集并传播SARS-CoV-2尚有争议。本文对新型冠状病毒感染患者粪便中的感染性SARS-CoV-2,通过污染水体,富集于滤食性贝类,最终感染人体消化道这一潜在传播途径的相关研究进行系统梳理,着重总结了感染性SARS-CoV-2在天然水体中的衰减规律以及滤食性贝类富集SARS-CoV-2的风险。现有研究结果表明,SARS-CoV-2存在经“粪-口”途径感染人群的风险,人们直接接触患者的粪便有感染风险;然而,在具有完善污水处理系统的地区,人们经接触水体或食用栖息于其中的滤食性贝类而感染SARS-CoV-2的风险非常低。Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)continues to pose a serious threat to the lives and health of vulnerable people,such as those who are elderly or immunocompromised.Clarifying and cutting off the various transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 are key means to scientifically prevent and control the pandemic and protect vulnerable people.In addition to the respiratory route of transmission,the possibility of fecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through water or food as a vector has not been definitively confirmed.Filter-feeding shellfish can accumulate a variety of pathogens in water bodies and are important vectors for the spread of foodborne viruses.However,whether filter-feeding shellfish can also enrich and transmit SARS-CoV-2 is controversial.This paper provided a systematic review of the potential transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 from patient feces through contaminated water,enrichment by filter-feeding shellfish,and eventual infection of the human gastrointestinal tract.The attenuation rate of infectious SARS-CoV-2 in natural waters and the risk of enrichment of SARS-CoV-2 by filter-feeding shellfish were summarized emphatically.Synthesizing the available evidence,it has been concluded that there is potential for fecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to populations,and people may become infected through direct contact with patient feces;however,the risk of infecting SARS-CoV-2 through contact with water or through the consumption of filter-feeding shellfish was found to be very low in areas with well-developed sewage treatment systems.

关 键 词：严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型 “粪-口”传播 水体 滤食性贝类 

分 类 号：X56[环境科学与工程—环境工程]