枸杞岛潮间带铜藻衰败及补充过程的生态学研究  

Ecological Study on the Decay and Replenishment of Sargassum horneri in the Intertidal Zone of Gouqi Island

作　　者：杨起帆 王惠杰 朱伟栋 苗航 刘峰宇 毕远新 贺舟挺[1,2] YANG Qifan;WANG Hujie;ZHU Weidong;MIAO Hang;LIU Fengyu;BI Yuanxin;HE Zhouting(Institute of Oeeans and Fisheries,Zheiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316021,China;Institute of Marine Fisheries of Zhjiang Province,Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Enbancement of Zhejiang Province,Key Laboratory of Sustainable Uilization of Technology Research for Fishery Resource of Zhcjiang Province,Zhoushan 316021,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学海洋与渔业研究所,舟山316021 [2]浙江省海洋水产研究所,浙江省海水增养殖重点实验室,浙江省海洋渔业资源可持续利用技术研究重点实验室,舟山316021

出　　处：《海洋开发与管理》2024年第4期114-123,共10页Ocean Development and Management

基　　金：浙江省科技厅基础公益项目(LTGS24C030002);浙江省科技厅重点研发项目(2023C03120);舟山市科技计划项目(2022C31054)。

摘　　要：铜藻是我国海藻场的重要组成物种之一,对海洋环境、渔业资源具有重要的支撑作用。为查清铜藻是否为多年生问题以及铜藻生存的耐受温度,基于野外潮间带监测观察,通过记录铜藻衰败期的株高、主干粗度、固着器附着面积等生物学参数,结合水温数据,探究铜藻自然生境下衰败期的生态学过程。研究表明:(1)5月底枸杞岛潮间带铜藻繁殖后开始进入衰败期,铜藻衰败表现出明显的季节变动规律(P<0.05)。度夏时期的水温成为决定铜藻多年生的关键影响因子。7月枸杞岛潮间带水温高达25℃以上,随着水温升高,76株铜藻固着器全部腐烂脱落,无法度夏进行营养繁殖,因此判断浙江省枸杞岛潮间带铜藻为一年生。(2)水温在25℃以上时,铜藻固着器开始破损腐烂,无法生存。浙江枸杞岛潮间带成熟铜藻温度生态幅的耐受温度范围为7.1~25℃。(3)潮间带铜藻衰败期时间较短,主要基于潮间带铜藻本身繁殖后固着器附着力降低,且附着面积又小,附着力较弱,在波浪与水流作用下导致固着器更容易脱落流失,衰败凋亡时间更快。(4)夏季面对低矮藻类丛生情况下,潮间带铜藻5月仍能进行有性繁殖释放孢子牢固依附在母体周围,通过幼苗种群集聚减少在低潮期间的干露和光的伤害,并造成对生长资源的竞争,这是其重要的生存竞争策略。铜藻利用生存竞争策略来维持种群的繁衍,且在此基础上持续增加其分布范围。以上研究结果对认识铜藻是否为多年生,解析铜藻的生活史,为其人工开发和海洋生态环境的保护提供参考价值,为退化的铜藻种群恢复与重建提供科学依据。Sargassum horneri is one of the important species in the seaweed field in China.which plays an important role in supporting the marine environment and fishery resources.In order to find out whether the Sargassum hormeri is a perennial problem and the tolerance tem-perature of Sarga 8horneri,based on the field intertidal monitoring and observation,the e-ological process of Sargassum horneri's decline period in natural habitat was explored by re-cording the biological parameters such as plant height,trunk diameter.fixator attachment area and water temperature data.The results showed that:(1)at the end of May,Sargassum horneri in the intertidal zone of Gouqi Island began to enter the decline period after breeding and the decline of Sargassum horneri showed obvious seasonal variation(P<0.05).The water tempera-ture during the summer has become the key factor to determine the perennial of Sar gassum hor-neri.In July.the temperature in the intertidal z2one of Gouqi Island reached more than 25 C.With the increase of temperature,all the fixators of 76 strains of Sargassum horneri decayed and fell off,and they could not spend the summer for nutritional reproduction.Therefore,it was judged that the Sar gassm horneri in the intertidal zone of Gougi Island in Zhejiang Prov-ince were annual.(2)When the water temperature was above 25℃.the Sargassum horneri fix-sator began to break and rot,and could not survive.The tolerance temperature range of the ecological amplitude of mature Sargassum horneri in the interidal zone of Gouqi Island,Zhejiang Province is 7.1~25℃.(3)The decay time of intertidal Sargassum horneri is relatively short,which is mainly based on the fact that after the reproduetion of intertidal Sargassum horneri.the adhesion of the fixator is reduced and the adhesion area is small,and the adhesion is weak..Under the action of waves and currents,the fixator is easier to fall off and lose,and the decay and apoptosis time is faster.(4)In May.faced with the situation of low growing algae,the in-tertidal Sargassum hor

关 键 词：铜藻 固着器 多年生 温度生态幅 生存竞争策略 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程] P7[天文地球—海洋科学]