运用德尔菲法调查分析制革过程的恶臭来源  

Analysis of the Odor Source in Leather-making Processes with a Delphi Survey

作　　者：周晓宇 黄彦杰 曾运航[1] 陈占光 丁学斌 石碧[1] ZHOU Xiaoyu;HUANG Yanjie;ZENG Yunhang;CHEN Zhanguang;DING Xuebin;SHI Bi(College of Biomass Science and Engineering,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China;China Leather Industry Association,Beijing 100044,China;Sichuan Decision New Material Technology Co.,Ltd.,Deyang 618000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学轻工科学与工程学院,四川成都610065 [2]中国皮革协会,北京100044 [3]四川德赛尔新材料科技有限公司,四川德阳618000

出　　处：《皮革科学与工程》2024年第5期1-7,共7页Leather Science and Engineering

摘　　要：随着人们环保意识的增强,制革过程的恶臭问题受到越来越多的关注,但目前尚缺少对制革恶臭来源、成因及防治方法的系统研究和整理归纳。文章使用德尔菲法向来自制革企业、行业协会、相关高校的51位专家发放了3轮调查问卷,研究了制革过程的恶臭程度及来源。结果表明:制革过程的主要恶臭来源为7个工序,按照恶臭程度由高到低依次是原料皮贮存、脱毛、浸灰、浸水、去肉、脱灰和片皮;恶臭物质主要是原料皮仓库、去肉机、片皮机和地面缝隙处腐败皮质产生的臭味气体、工业硫化物中的杂质气味、铵盐脱灰释放的氨气和硫化氢等。建议制革厂通过抑制原料皮腐败、保持机械和地面卫生、采用低硫保毛脱毛和无铵盐脱灰技术、喷洒除臭剂等方式来防治恶臭污染。Odor problems in leather-making processes have received more and more attention with increasing environmental awareness among the populace.However,there is currently a lack of systematic research and a summary on the sources,causes,and control methods of odor from the leather-making processes.A three-round Delphi survey was conducted to study the odor levels and sources of the leather-making processes by consulting 51 experts from leather-making enterprises,industry associations,and universities in the leather field.Results show that the odor in the leather-making processes mainly comes from seven procedures and the odor levels of these procedures,from high to low,are storage,unhairing,liming,soaking,fleshing,deliming,and splitting.The main odorous substances are odorous gases generated by decaying hides or hide scraps in the rawhide warehouse,fleshing and splitting machines,and ground gaps;odor of industrial sulfide impurities;and ammonia and hydrogen sulfide released from ammonium salt deliming.It is recommended that tanneries prevent and control odor pollution by inhibiting rawhide decay;keeping fleshing machine,splitting machine,and tannery ground clean;adopting low-sulfide hair-save unhairing and ammonia free deliming technologies;and spraying deodorants.

关 键 词：制革 恶臭 来源 防治 德尔菲法 

分 类 号：TS54[轻工技术与工程—皮革化学与工程] TS58