秸秆配施不同形态氮肥对设施土壤养分转化的影响  

Effects of Straw Combined With Different Forms of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Soil Nutrient Under Facility Cultivation Condition

作　　者：马玲[1] 李惠霞[1] 王浩宇 王少燕 宋晓慧 阿依早合拉·艾西丁 MA Ling;LI Huixia;WANG Haoyu;WANG Shaoyan;SONG Xiaohui;Ayizaohela·AIXIDING(College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《北方园艺》2024年第15期67-74,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：宁夏大学大学生创新创业训练计划自治区级资助项目(S202210749077);国家自然基金资助项目(31960628);农学国家一流专业建设资助项目。

摘　　要：以取自设施栽培园区土壤为试材,在日光温室条件下,施用不同秸秆(不施秸秆R0、油菜秸秆R1、稻草秸秆R2)和等氮量不同形态氮肥(不施氮肥N0、普通尿素N1、硝酸钾N2、控释尿素N3)进行双因素随机区组试验,测定施入不同物料对土壤养分参数的影响并分析各参数间的相关性,以期为西北设施栽培下有机+无机肥料配施对土壤改良与配肥技术提供参考依据。结果表明:1)施用秸秆后,土壤脲酶活性显著提高,油菜秸秆和稻草秸秆较不施秸秆有机质分别提高10.6%和22.4%,矿物结合态有机碳提高5.7%和8.8%;速效钾提高25.9%和26.7%;2)施入油菜秸秆速效磷提高23.6%,硝态氮降低32.2%;施入稻草秸秆全氮、铵态氮分别提高14.8%和23.8%;3)施入等量不同形态氮肥后,N1、N2处理显著抑制土壤脲酶活性,N1、N3铵态氮含量分别是N0的41.5倍和13.9倍,各处理土壤硝态氮含量均显著提高,N1处理较N0速效磷增加47.4%;4)土壤有机质和矿物结合态有机碳、全氮及脲酶活性间呈显著正相关,土壤中硝态氮含量与EC值、速效钾含量呈显著正相关。综上,考虑设施栽培下土壤盐渍化、封闭环境易发生氨中毒及园艺作物的营养特性,建议油菜秸秆配施普通尿素进行设施土壤培肥与改良。Taking soil from facility cultivation parks as test materials,a two-factors randomized block experiment was conducted by different straws(no straw RO,rape straw R1 and rice straw R2),and different forms of nitrogen fertilizers(no fertilizer NO,CO(NH_(2))_(2) N1 and KNO_(3) N2 and controlled release urea N3)under solar greenhouse condition.Some soil nutrient indicators and their interrelationships were determined and analyzed,in order to provide reference for the soil improvement and fertilization techniques by organic combined with inorganic fertilizers under facility cultivation in Northwest China.The results showed that,1)the soil urease activity was significantly increased after applying straw,compared with R0,soil organic matter(SOM)were increased by 10.6%and 22.4%and mineral bound organic carbon(SOC)were increased by 5.7%and 8.8%and available potassium(AK)were increased by 25.9%and 26.7%under R1 and R2 treatment.2)Compared with R0 treatment,soil nitrate nitrogen(NH_(4)-N),available phosphorus((AP)and pH were decreased by 32.2%,23.6%and 1.5%under R1 treatment,and there was no significant change in R2 treatment.3)After applying different forms equal amounts nitrogen fertilizer,soil urease activity was significantly inhibited by N1 and N2 treatments,the NH_(4)-N content of N1 and N3 was 41.5 and 13.9 times higher than that of NO,respectively.The soil nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)-N)content was significantly increased by N1,N2 and N3 treatment,and AP of N1 treatment was increased by 47.4%compared to No.4)There was a significant positive correlation between SOM and SOC,total nitrogen,and urease activity.The NO_(3)-N content was significantly correlated with EC value and AK.In a conclusion,it could be seen that rapeseed straw was superior to rice straw in improving soil organic matter,urease activity,and increasing soil effective nutrients.Ordinary urea was superior to the other two nitrogen fertilizers in balancing the proportion of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen in the soil and increasing the content of available phosp

关 键 词：秸秆 不同形态氮肥 设施土壤 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S515[农业科学—作物学]