土壤相对含水量对乌天麻生物学效率及营养品质的影响  

Effects of Soil Relative Water Content on the Biological Efficiency and Nutritional Quality of Gastrodia elata

作　　者：王丽[1] 许宗亮[1] 杨天梅[1] 左应梅[1] 石瑶[1] 张金渝[1] WANG Li;XU Zongliang;YANG Tianmei;ZUO Yingmei;SHI Yao;ZHANG Jinyu(Institute of Medicinal Plants,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming,Yunnan 650000)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所,云南昆明650000

出　　处：《北方园艺》2024年第15期110-117,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31960391);云南省科技人才与平台计划资助项目(202205AD160025)。

摘　　要：以乌天麻为试材,采用氨基酸评分法,研究了土壤相对含水量(RWC)对蜜环菌人工菌棒种植乌天麻的生物学效率(BE)及营养品质的影响,以期为天麻产业健康发展提供依据。结果表明:1)采用蜜环菌人工菌棒种植乌天麻,土壤RWC对乌天麻的BE、基本营养成分含量及氨基酸的营养品质均有显著影响,土壤RWC为75%时,乌天麻的BE为28.74%,显著高于对照(CK)及土壤RWC为55%、65%、85%时;土壤RWC为75%时,乌天麻的基本营养成分含量与CK接近,显著大于土壤RWC为55%、65%、85%时(P<0.05);2)在乌天麻中共检测到15种氨基酸,包括6种人体必需氨基酸(EAA)和9种人体非必需氨基酸(NEAA),当土壤RWC为75%时,利用蜜环菌人工菌棒种植的乌天麻和CK的乌天麻其EAA/TAA比值、EAA/NEAA比值、必需氨基酸的氨基酸比值(AAS)、必需氨基酸比值系数(RC)、必需氨基酸的比值系数分(SRC)与联合国粮食及农业组织/世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)提出的氨基酸理想模式较接近;3)利用蜜环菌人工菌棒种植乌天麻,通过控制土壤RWC,可以获得必需氨基酸的组成比例相对合理,营养价值均衡,具有较高营养价值的乌天麻。Taking Gastrodia elata as the test material,the effects of soil relative water content(RWC)on biological efficiency(BE)and nutritional quality of G elata were studied by using amino acid score method,in order to provide reference for healthy development of G.elata industry.The results showed that,1)when using Armillaria artificial stick to plant G.elata,the soil RWC had a significant impact on the BE,basic nutrient content,and amino acid nutritional quality of G.elata(P<0.05).The biological efficiency(BE,28.74%)of G.elata planted with Armillaria artificial stick by controlling the soil water content to 75%was the highest,which was significantly higher than those BE of G.elata from CK and planted with Armillaria artificial stick by controlling the soil water content to 55%,65%,85%.The basic nutrient content and the content of total amino acid of G.elata planted with Armillaria artificial stick by controlling the soil water content to 75%were close to CK and significantly higher than the basic nutritional content of G.elata planted with Armillaria artificial stick by controlling the soil water content to 55%,65%,85%.2)A total of 15 amino acids were detected in G.elata,including 6 essential amino acids(EAA)and 9 non-essential amino acids(NEAA).Amino acid score results showed that the EAA/TAA ratio,EAA/NEAA ratio,essential amino acid ratio(AAS),essential amino acid ratio coefficient(RC),essential amino acid ratio coefficient score(SRC)of G.elata planted with Armillaria artificial stick by controlling the soil water content to 75%and from CK were closed to the ideal amino acid model proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization(FAO/WHO).3)By controlling soil RWC,G.elata with high content of basic nutrients,rich amino acids,relatively reasonable composition ratio of essential amino acids and high nutritional value could be obtained by using Armillaria artificial stick to plant.

关 键 词：乌天麻 相对含水量 蜜环菌人工菌棒 生物学效率 基本营养成分 氨基酸 

分 类 号：S853.75[农业科学—临床兽医学]