地铁车站集中空调通风系统微生物气溶胶浓度影响因素分析  

Analysis of influencing factors of microbial aerosol concentration in centralized air conditioning and ventilation system of subway platforms

作　　者：郑懿[1] 李厚橙 彭子豪 蔡婧[2] 杨军 何纳[2] ZHENG Yi;LI Houcheng;PENG Zihao;CAI Jing;YANG Jun;HE Na(Environmental Energy Conservation Research Department,Technical Center,Shanghai Shentong Metro Group Co.,Ltd,Shanghai 201103,China;School of Public Health,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China;School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237,China;Shanghai An-He Environmental Testing Technology Co.,Ltd,Shanghai 201612,China)

机构地区：[1]上海申通地铁集团有限公司技术中心环境节能研究部,上海201103 [2]复旦大学公共卫生学院,上海200032 [3]华东理工大学资源与环境工程学院,上海200237 [4]上海安合环境检测技术有限公司,上海201612

出　　处：《中华疾病控制杂志》2024年第7期798-807,共10页Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention

基　　金：上海市公共卫生重点学科建设项目(GWV-10.1-XK16);上海市地方高水平高校学科建设项目;申通地铁集团科研项目(JS-KY21R011-1)。

摘　　要：目的了解城市地铁车站集中空调通风系统微生物气溶胶的特征,探讨超大城市地铁车站集中空调通风系统微生物气溶胶的影响因素,并对真菌气溶胶浓度与相关影响因素进行分析。方法基于随机抽样抽取覆盖某大型城市15条地铁线路的120座车站,运用Andersen撞击式分级采样法采集599个地铁车站集中空调通风系统中6级粒径段(≥7.00μm,4.70~<7.00μm,3.30~<4.70μm,2.10~<3.30μm,1.10~<2.10μm和0.65~<1.10μm)的气溶胶样本,并采用培养法检测细菌与真菌气溶胶浓度。运用Spearman秩相关性、Mann-Whitney U检验及Kruskal-Wallis检验分析微生物气溶胶浓度的影响因素。结果某大型城市地铁车站集中空调通风系统细菌气溶胶和真菌气溶胶的中位数浓度(四分位距)分别为163(148)CFU/m^(3)和346(205)CFU/m^(3)。Spearman秩相关性分析的结果显示不同影响因素与微生物气溶胶浓度的相关性有所不同。其中,环境温度与总细菌气溶胶浓度(r=0.22,P<0.001)和总真菌气溶胶浓度(r=0.17,P<0.001)均呈正相关。可吸入颗粒物(inhalable particulate matter,PM_(10))质量浓度与总细菌气溶胶浓度呈正相关(r=0.10,P<0.05),与总真菌气溶胶浓度的相关性较低(r=0.06,P>0.05)。Spearman秩相关性分析的结果还显示站点类型、站台开通年份、季节及气象条件等因素均可能影响车站集中空调通风系统的微生物气溶胶浓度。结论温度、相对湿度、PM_(10)质量浓度、清洗间隔、采样时经过人数、站点类型、气象条件等因素均会影响车站集中空调通风系统的微生物气溶胶浓度,未来仍需对这些因素予以重视,做好地铁车站集中空调通风系统的微生物风险防控工作。Objective To characterize the microbial aerosols in the centralized air conditioning and ventilation system of urban subway stations,and to explore the influencing factors of microbial aerosol concentration in the centralized air conditioning and ventilation system of subway stations in mega cities,and conduct analysis on fungal aerosol concentration and related influencing factors.Methods Applying random sampling strategy,this study selected 120 subway stations across 15 subway lines in a mega city.For each station,Andersen stage impactors were used to collect aerosol samples,covering 6 particle size segments(≥7.00μm,4.70-<7.00μm,3.30-<4.70μm,2.10-<3.30μm,1.10-<2.10μm,0.65-<1.10μm).The concentration of bacterial and fungal aerosols was detected using culture method.Spearman rank correlation analysis,Mann Whitney U test,and Kruskal Wallis test were conducted to identify the potential influencing factors of microbial aerosol concentration.Results The median concentrations(interquartile range,IQR)of bacterial and fungal aerosols in the centralized air conditioning and ventilation system were 163(148)CFU/m^(3) and 346(205)CFU/m^(3),respectively.The results of the Spearman rank correlation analysis indicated that the correlation between different influencing factors and microbial aerosol concentration varied.For instance,we found a significant positive correlation of temperature with total bacteria aerosol concentration(r=0.22,P<0.001)and total fungal aerosol concentration(r=0.17,P<0.001).Inhalable particulate matter(PM10)mass concentration was significantly and positively correlated with total bacterial aerosol concentration(r=0.10,P<0.05);however,its correlation with total fungal aerosol concentration was weak and did not reach statistical significance(r=0.06,P>0.05).The results of Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that factors such as station type,platform opening year,season,and meteorological conditions might significantly affect the microbial aerosol concentration of the station′s centralized

关 键 词：微生物 气溶胶 影响因素 地铁 空调通风系统 

分 类 号：R1281[医药卫生—环境卫生学] R12[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]