2012~2021年宜昌市强降水时空分布特征  

Spatial and temporal distribution of heavy precipitation in Yichang City from 2012 to 2021

作　　者：刘俊 夏羽 雷东洋 叶丹 枚雪彬 彭福强 LIU Jun;XIA Yu;LEI Dongyang;YE Dan;MEI Xuebin;PENG Fuqiang(Yichang Meteorological Administration,Yichang 443000,China;Wuhan Central Meteorological Observatory,Wuhan 430074,China;Three Gorges National Climatological Observatory,Yichang 443000,China)

机构地区：[1]宜昌市气象局,湖北宜昌443000 [2]武汉中心气象台,湖北武汉430074 [3]三峡国家气候观象台,湖北宜昌443000

出　　处：《人民长江》2024年第7期79-87,共9页Yangtze River

基　　金：湖北省自然科学基金项目(2023AFD106);宜昌市气象局自立课题重点项目(YC202101,YCZD202201)。

摘　　要：为深入认识宜昌市强降水时空分布特征,基于2012~2021年宜昌市358站逐小时降水资料,采用数理统计方法分析该地区1,3,24 h这3类强降水时空分布和降水极值空间分布特征。结果表明:①宜昌市7个暴雨中心出现在平原向丘陵、山区过渡的迎风坡地带和沿江/河一带,24 h长时累计暴雨南多北少,集中在长江以南,而长江以北地区3 h短时暴雨特征明显。②20 mm/h和30 mm/h以上小时强降水频次分别为3.8次/a和1.3次/a,3 h短时暴雨、24 h长时累计暴雨频次分别为1.0次/a和4.9次/a。小时强降水和3 h短时暴雨以2016、2018年和2020年最多,24 h长时累计暴雨以2020年和2016年发生最为频繁。③3类强降水频次月变化呈单峰型,主汛期6~8月为强降水高发期;小时强降水频次日变化呈双峰型,高频次小时强降水集中在13:00至凌晨04:00,峰值时段为17:00~19:00和23:00~24:00。④宜昌市3类降水极值空间分布差异较大,1 h降水量极值和3 h降水量极值中东部高于西部,24 h降水量极值中南部高于北部,其高值区主要出现在夷陵区小溪塔街道和乐天溪镇、远安县旧县镇、当阳市河溶镇、宜都市高坝洲镇和聂家河镇、五峰县湾潭镇等地;宜昌市1,3,24 h最大降水量分别为158.8,211.9,363.6 mm。研究成果可为宜昌市强降水预报预警提供参考。To further understand the characteristics of the heavy precipitation in Yichang City,the spatio-temporal distribution of the three types of heavy precipitation,namely 1 h,3 h,and 24 h,and the precipitation extremes were analyzed by using mathematical statistics based on hourly precipitation data of 358 meteorological stations in Yichang City from 2012 to 2021.The results showed that:①The seven rainstorm centers in Yichang City usually appeared in the windward slope zone where the plain transits to hills or mountains,and the area along the river.The 24-hour long-duration accumulated rainstorm in the south was more than that in the north,and it was concentrated in the south of the Changjiang River.The 3 h short-duration rainstorm was obvious in the north of the Changjiang River.②The frequency of hourly heavy precipitation above 20 mm/h and 30 mm/h was 3.8 times and 1.3 times per year,respectively.The frequency of 3 h short-duration rainstorms and 24 h long-duration accumulated rainstorms was 1.0 times and 4.9 times per year,respectively.The years of the most frequent hourly heavy precipitation and 3 h short-duration rainstorms were 2016,2018,and 2020.The years of the most frequent 24 h long-duration accumulated rainstorms were 2020 and 2016.③The monthly variation of three types of heavy precipitation showed an unimodal pattern,with the main flood season from June to August being the peak period for heavy precipitation.The diurnal variation of hourly heavy precipitation showed a bimodal pattern,with the high-frequency hourly heavy precipitation concentrated from 13:00 to 04:00,and peak periods from 17:00 to 19:00 and 23:00 to 24:00.④The spatial distribution of three types of heavy precipitation extremes in Yichang City varied greatly,with 1 h precipitation extremes and 3 h precipitation extremes were higher in the center-east than that in the west,and 24 h precipitation extremes in the center-south were higher than that in the north.Areas with high precipitation extremes mainly appeared in Xiaoxita Street an

关 键 词：强降水 时空分布 峰值时段 降水极值 宜昌市 

分 类 号：P426.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]