湖南宁乡市鸟类物种多样性调查与分析  

The investigation and research on diversity of birds in NingxiangCounty, Hu'nan Province

作　　者：黎磊 罗堯 胡平 王志勇 王品 杨道德[1] Li Lei;Luo Yao;Hu Ping;Wang Zhiyong;Wang Pin;Yang Daode(Institute of Wildlife Conservation,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha Hu'nan 410004,China;Ningxiang Forestry Department,Ningxiang Hu'nan 410600,China;Hu'nan Senyu Eco-Technology Group Co.,Ltd,Changsha Hu'nan 410000,China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学野生动植物保护研究所,湖南长沙410004 [2]宁乡市林业局,湖南宁乡410600 [3]湖南森裕生态科技集团有限公司,湖南长沙410000

出　　处：《南方林业科学》2024年第4期45-51,共7页South China Forestry Science

基　　金：湖南省国家重点保护野生动植物补助资金项目“宁乡市生物多样性资源调查专项”(项目编号:No.2021-326)。

摘　　要：宁乡市地处湖南省东北部,位于我国东部候鸟迁徙路线上,境内鸟类资源丰富。了解宁乡市鸟类本底资源现状,对该地区的鸟类多样性保护具有重要意义。2022年5月下旬―6月上旬及11月,2023年4月中旬―5月上旬,采用样线法对湖南宁乡市农田、林地、水域、灌丛、居民区5种生境的鸟类群落进行野外调查,并结合走访调查和文献资料分析。结果表明:(1)共统计到鸟类16目50科178种,其中,国家一级重点保护鸟类1种,国家二级重点保护鸟类25种。列入CITES附录Ⅱ的鸟类20种,IUCN极危(CR)物种1种,近危(NT)物种2种,中国特有种5种。(2)东洋界物种90种,古北界物种64种,广布种24种,区系组成以东洋界为主;留鸟87种,夏候鸟35种,冬候鸟26种、旅鸟30种,居留型组成以繁殖鸟为主。(3)多样性指数分析结果显示,林地Shannon-Wienner多样性指数(3.34)最高,水域的Pielou均匀度指数(0.53)最高。相似性分析表明,农田和林地的鸟类群落最为相似,两者的Sorensen相似性系数(0.60)和Morisita-Horn相似性系数(0.84)均为最高。湖南宁乡市境内生境复杂多样,鸟类资源较为丰富,应当进一步加强鸟类及其栖息地的保护工作。Ningxiang County is located in the northeastern of Hu'nan Province,on the migratory route of migratory birds in the eastern part of China,and is rich in bird resources within its territory.Understanding the current status of bird background resources in Ningxiang County is of great significance to the conservation of bird diversity in the area.In late May to early June and November 2022,and mid April to early May 2023,line method was used to conduct field surveys of bird communities in five habitats of cropland,forest,waters,bushes and residential areas in Ningxiang County,Hu'nan Province,and combined with walk-through surveys and historical literature.The results showed that:(1)a total of 178 species of birds in 16 orders and 50 families were counted.Among them,one specie of bird was listed as first class National Protected Wildlife,and 25 species of birds were listed as second class National Protected Wlidlife.20 species were listed in CITES AppendixⅡ,one specie of IUCN Red List Critically Endangered(CR)species,and two species of IUCN Red List Near Threatened(NT)species,and five species were endemic in China.(2)In terms of faunal composition,there were 90 species of Oriental origin,64 species of Palearctic origin,and 24 species of widespread,the composition of the zone was dominated by the Eastern Oceanic boundary.In terms of resident composition,the brids included 87 resident species,35 summer visitor species,26 winter visitor species and 30 passage migrant species,so resident composition was dominated by breeding birds.(3)The results of diversity index analysis showed that the highest Shannon-Wienner diversity index(3.34)was in the forest.The highest Pielou evenness index(0.53)was in the waters.The similarity analyses showed that the bird communities in the cropland and forset were the most similar,which were both had the highest Sorensen similarity coefficient(0.60)and Morisita-Horn similarity coefficient(0.84).Ningxiang County,Hu'nan Province,has complex and diverse habitats and is rich in bird resources,

关 键 词：鸟类 物种多样性 群落特征 野生动物资源调查 宁乡市 

分 类 号：S718.63[农业科学—林学]