城市公厕运行成本测算方法及影响因素研究——基于北京城市公厕成本跟踪数据的经验分析  

Research on the Calculation Method and Influencing Factors of the Operating Cost of Urban Public Toilets:An Empirical Analysis Based on the Cost Tracking Data of Urban Public Toilets in Beijing

作　　者：高著平 季扬 张姗 王欣 代鑫 GAO Zhuping;JI Yang;ZHANG Shan;WANG Xin;DAI Xin(Beijing Environmental Sanitation Management Services Centre,Beijing 100067;Beijing Municipal Commission of Urban Managemen,Beijing 100032)

机构地区：[1]北京市环境卫生管理事务中心,北京100067 [2]北京市城市管理委员会,北京100032

出　　处：《环境卫生工程》2024年第4期83-90,共8页Environmental Sanitation Engineering

摘　　要：基于北京城市公厕管理与分布现状,依据《北京市环境卫生作业预算定额》,明确各类参数选取标准,系统搭建城市公厕运行成本测算模型,并与近年实际成本跟踪数据进行对比分析。结果表明:一类、二类、三类公厕运行测算成本分别为43.68、40.81、21.54万元/(座·a),人工成本在运行成本中的占比范围为55.1%~60.5%,经比较,3类公厕运行的实际成本低于测算成本,分别为32.09、29.31、14.46万元/(座·a),修正后的模型测算成本分别为34.22、31.36、15.86万元/(座·a)。借助SPSSAU对实际成本跟踪数据进行逐步回归分析,建立运行成本模型(运行成本=19.649-4.130×公厕类别+6.238×作业配人数),得出影响运行成本的主要因素为作业配人数和公厕类别。同时,提出推行规范预算和费用支出管理、保障环卫工人合法权益、加强人员管理以及进一步强化定额应用的工作建议,以期为环卫市场化改革和运营提供费用参考,在提升公厕分类管理中,促进人、财、物等资源的合理分配,提升环卫精细化管理水平。Based on the management and distribution status of urban public toilets in Beijing,the selection criteria of various parameters were defined in accordance with the Beijing Environmental Sanitation Work Budget Quota.The urban public toilets operating cost calculation model was established systematically,and the cost was compared and analyzed with the actual cost tracking data in recent years.The results showed that the calculation operating costs of the first class,second class and third class public toilets were 0.4368,0.4081 and 0.2154 million yuan per seat per year,respectively.The proportion of labor costs in the operating costs ranged from 55.1%to 60.5%.After comparison,the actual costs of the operation of the three types of public toilets were lower than the estimated costs,which were 0.3209,0.2931 and 0.1446 million yuan per seat per year,respectively.The revised model estimated cost was 0.3422,0.3136 and 0.1586 million yuan per seat per year,respectively.Using SPSSAU to conduct stepwise regression analysis on actual cost tracking data,the operating cost model was established(Operating cost=19.649-4.130×types of public toilets+6.238×number of workers).The main factors affecting operating cost were found to be number of workers and types of public toilets.Suggestions were put forward that to carry out standardized budget and expense management,protect the legitimate rights of sanitation workers,strengthen personnel management,and further strengthen the application of quotas.In order to provide expense reference for the market-oriented reform and operation of sanitation,promote the rational allocation of human,financial,material and other resources in the classification management of public toilets,and improve the level of fine sanitation management.

关 键 词：预算管理 环卫定额 公厕运行成本 回归分析 

分 类 号：TU993[建筑科学—市政工程]