玉米秸秆覆盖还田技术  

Corn Straw Mulching and Returning Technology

作　　者：臧秀法[1] 李馨[1] 李世柱[1] 王海翔 黄文明[1] 刘颖 ZANF Xiufa;LI Xin;LI Shizhu;WANG Haixiang;HUANG Wenming;LIU Ying(Heilongjiang Provincial Research Institute of Agricultural Machinery Engineering,Harbin 150081,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业机械工程科学研究院,哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《农机使用与维修》2024年第8期128-131,共4页Agricultural Machinery Using & Maintenance

摘　　要：玉米秸秆覆盖还田是一种环保、节能的农业技术,它利用玉米秸秆来覆盖田地,起到保水保肥、改良土壤、减少土壤侵蚀等作用。该文设置了秸秆覆盖还田(RF)和秸秆不还田(CK)两种方式,探究不同方式对土壤理化性质、土壤肥力及玉米产量的影响,为高效利用秸秆还田资源、提升土壤肥力提供科学依据。结果表明,RF可以显著提高土壤含水量和土壤呼吸速率,提升土壤肥力,玉米产量提高20.5%。因此,秸秆覆盖还田技术利于指导农田管理、提升土壤肥力、增加农作物产量。此外,有效利用农作物的残余部分,减少了对化肥、农药等化学品的依赖,降低了环境污染,有利于农田生态环境的改善,符合可持续发展的理念。Corn stover mulching and returning to the field is an environmentally friendly and energy-saving agricultural technology,which utilizes the residual parts of the corn crop to mulch the field,which plays the roles of water retention and fertilizer retention,soil improvement,and soil erosion reduction.In this paper,two methods of straw mulching and returning(RF)and straw not returning(CK)were set up to investigate the effects of different straw returning methods on soil physicochemical properties,soil fertility and corn yield,and to provide scientific basis for the efficient use of straw returning resources and the enhancement of soil fertility.The results showed that RF could significantly increase soil water content and soil respiration rate,enhance soil fertility,and significantly increase corn yield by 20.5%.Therefore,straw mulching and returning technology is useful for guiding farmland management,enhancing soil fertility,increasing crop yield,in addition,effectively utilizing the residual part of crops,reducing the dependence on chemicals such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides,decreasing the pollution to the environment,and contributing to the improvement of the ecological environment of the farmland,which is in line with the concept of sustainable development.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 土壤理化性质 玉米产量 养分 秸秆覆盖 

分 类 号：S345[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]