我国氢能产业高质量发展现状、问题与建议  

Current Status,Problems,and Improvement Suggestions of High Quality Development of China's Hydrogen Energy Industry

作　　者：朱彤[1] Zhu Tong

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院工业经济研究所,北京100836

出　　处：《中国能源》2024年第6期15-23,共9页Energy of China

基　　金：中国社会科学院登峰战略优势学科(产业经济学)成果(编号:DF2023YS24)。

摘　　要：氢能产业对工业高质量发展至关重要。绿氢是未来能源系统不可或缺的构成要素,也是工业和交通等领域脱碳的利器。2022年以来,我国氢能产业进入快速发展阶段,主要表现为四个特点:一是氢气产量加速增长、煤炭是制氢的主要来源;二是国家和地方政府有关氢能发展的政策密集出台;三是我国绿氢项目规划与建设初步呈现多元化格局;四是“三北”地区(东北、华北北部和西北)有望成为我国绿氢生产基地。然而,我国氢能产业还存在一些与高质量发展要求不符的问题,主要表现为来自化石燃料制取的氢气产量大幅增加,加大了我国碳减排压力,电解水制氢技术与国际先进水平尚有差距,氢能制储运加用环节部分设备仍有短板,地方氢能政策与融资过于偏向氢燃料电池汽车等三大问题。为推动我国氢能产业良性发展,充分发挥绿氢产业对我国工业高质量发展的贡献,各级政府应基于能源转型逻辑,合理确定绿氢在能源转型中的作用边界,合理把握绿氢各种应用场景的优先次序和推广节奏,并进一步完善以绿氢为导向的氢能融资与监管政策。The hydrogen energy industry is crucial to the high-quality development of the industrial sector.Green hydrogen is an indispensable component of future energy systems and a powerful tool for decarbonizing industry and transportation.Since 2022,China's hydrogen energy industry has entered a stage of rapid development,which is mainly characterized by four characteristics:first,the accelerated growth of hydrogen production with coal as the dominant source;second,the intensive introduction of policies related to hydrogen energy development by national and local governments;third,the planning and construction of green hydrogen projects has initially shown a diversified pattern;fourth,the Three North area is expected to become China's green hydrogen production base.However,China's hydrogen energy industry still has some problems that are inconsistent with high-quality development requirements.That is,the fossil-fuel based hydrogen production has increased significantly,which has increased the pressure on the national carbon emissions;the electrolysis hydrogen production technology still lags behind the international advanced level;there are still shortcomings in some equipment in the hydrogen energy production,storage,transportation and utilization;and local hydrogen energy policies and financing are too biased towards hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.In order to promote the healthy development of the hydrogen energy industry and fully release its contribution to the high-quality development of the industrial sector,governments at all levels need to determine the boundaries of the role of green hydrogen rationally based on the logic of energy transformation,and reasonably control the priorities and promotion pace of various green hydrogen applications,and further improve green hydrogen-oriented financing and regulatory policies.

关 键 词：氢能产业 高质量发展 绿氢 

分 类 号：F426.2[经济管理—产业经济]