长岛南部海域浮游动物多样性周年变化  

Annual changes in zooplankton biodiversity in the southern waters of Changdao

作　　者：时永强[1,2,3] 栾青杉 单秀娟[1,2,3] 韦超 赵永松[1,3] 孙策策 金显仕 Yongqiang Shi;Qingshan Luan;Xiujuan Shan;Chao Wei;Yongsong Zhao;Cece Sun;Xianshi Jin(State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods,Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Fishery Resources and Eco-Environment,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao,Shandong 266071,China;Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center,Qingdao,Shandong 266237,China;Shandong Changdao National Observation and Research Station for Fisheries Resources,Yantai,Shandong 265800,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,海水养殖生物育种与可持续产出全国重点实验室,农业农村部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室,山东省渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [2]青岛海洋科技中心海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266237 [3]山东长岛近海渔业资源国家野外科学观测研究站,山东烟台265800

出　　处：《生物多样性》2024年第7期80-90,共11页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：崂山实验室科技创新项目(LSKJ202203803);国家自然科学基金(42106116,42349901);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2020QD104);山东省泰山学者专项基金(tsqn202103135);中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所基本科研业务费(20603022022006)。

摘　　要：根据2021年3-12月浅水II型浮游生物网在长岛南部海域10个航次调查结果,研究了该海域浮游动物种类组成、群落结构的周年变化规律。共鉴定浮游动物53种(类),其中浮游幼虫17类,桡足类16种,刺胞动物8种,端足类3种,枝角类、涟虫类、尾索动物各2种,栉板动物、十足类、毛颚动物各1种。浮游动物种类数自3月起逐月升高,并在7月达到最高值,而后逐渐降低,变化幅度是19-38。受采样网具影响,长岛南部海域浮游动物优势种以小型桡足类和浮游幼虫为主,在排名前五位的优势种中,小型桡足类拟长腹剑水蚤(Oithona similis)、小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)、洪氏纺锤水蚤(Acartia hongi)出现在所有调查月份,而大型桡足类中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)出现2次,浮游幼虫仅出现在夏季和秋季。在浮游动物各类群中,桡足类丰度最高,其次是浮游幼虫。多元统计分析结果显示,不同月份间浮游动物群落结构总体差异达极显著水平(P<0.01),其中仅3月和4月差异不显著。与莱州湾、崂山湾、胶州湾对比,长岛南部海域浮游动物物种数最少,但物种多样性指数平均水平最高,且周年变化幅度最小(2.73-3.15),可能与其水体流通性强、初级生产力较高有关。Aims:The Changdao waters represent typical temperate marine and island ecosystems situated at the convergence of the Bohai and Yellow seas,functioning as a crucial east-west migration corridor for numerous economically significant fishery species.As essential secondary producers,variations in zooplankton community dynamics have the potential to significantly impact biogeochemical cycles and energy fluxes within aquatic ecosystems.This study aims to analyze the annual fluctuations in zooplankton species composition and community structure in the southern waters of Changdao.The findings aim to furnish scientific insights into the mechanisms shaping biodiversity formation and facilitate the effective conservation of local biodiversity.Methods:Zooplankton samples were collected from the southern waters of Changdao using a plankton net with a mouth area of 0.08 m^(2) and a mesh size of 160μm.Sampling was conducted during 10 monthly voyages spanning from March to December,2021.Zooplankton specimens were meticulously identified to the species level or the lowest feasible taxonomic category.Subsequently,species diversity metrics,including the Shannon-Wiener index,richness,and evenness indices,were computed.Additionally,multivariate analyses were employed to discern variations in zooplankton communities across different months.Results:A total of 53 zooplankton taxa(mostly at the species level)were identified,with pelagic larvae(17 taxa)and Copepoda(16 species)comprising the predominant groups,accounting for 32.1%and 30.2%of the total taxa,respectively.Additionally,the community included 8 species of Cnidaria,3 species of Amphipoda,2 species each of Cladocera,Cumacea,and Tunicata,and 1 species each of Ctenophora,Decapoda,and Chaetognatha.Zooplankton species richness exhibited a temporal pattern,increasing from March,peaking in July,and gradually declining thereafter,with counts ranging from 19 to 38.Seasonally,species richness was highest during summer(June to August),followed by autumn(September to November),spring(March

关 键 词：浮游动物 物种组成 多样性 群落结构 长岛南部海域 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]