干细胞及其外泌体治疗宫腔黏连的研究现状  

Current research status on treatment of intrauterine adhesion by stem cells and their exosomes

作　　者：林琳[1] 田思萌 于永华 徐飞飞 黄明莉[1] Lin Lin;Tian Simeng;Yu Yonghua;Xu Feifei;Huang Mingli(Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University,Harbin 15000l,Heilongjiang Province,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院妇产科,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《中华妇幼临床医学杂志（电子版）》2024年第3期271-275,共5页Chinese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics(Electronic Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(81401203)。

摘　　要：干细胞(stem cell)因其自我更新及多向分化潜能,成为再生医学的研究热点。干细胞分泌的外泌体(exosomes),不仅含有特异的多能转录因子,还含有丰富的非编码RNA,作为细胞间通信介质,可上调抗凋亡基因表达,下调促凋亡基因表达,抑制受损子宫内膜细胞或组织凋亡。目前,临床对宫腔黏连(IUA)患者的传统治疗策略,尽管可暂时恢复其子宫形状及宫腔容量,但是并不能解决严重IUA患者子宫内膜再生问题。子宫内膜健康是育龄女性成功妊娠的主要因素之一。重塑IUA患者受损子宫内膜结构与功能,改善其微环境和耐受状态,对于提高不孕症患者妊娠率具有十分重要的临床意义。笔者拟就基于大鼠动物实验的干细胞及其外泌体对IUA治疗的研究概况及二者治疗IUA的可能机制的最新研究现状进行阐述。Stem cells have become a hot research field in regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation potential. Exosomes secreted by stem cells not only contain specific pluripotent transcription factors, but also contain abundant non-coding RNA, which acts as a medium for intercellular communication, up-regulating anti-apoptotic genes expression, down-regulating pro-apoptotic genes expression, and inhibiting apoptosis of damaged cells or tissues. At present, the traditional treatment of intrauterine adhesion (IUA) can only temporarily restore the shape of uterus and uterine volume, but cannot solve the problem of endometrial regeneration in severe cases. Endometrial health is one of the main factors affecting pregnancy of childbearing age women. Therefore, it is of great clinical significance to explore how to reshape the structure and function of damaged endometrium, improve its microenvironment and tolerance status, and improve the pregnancy rate of infertility patients. This article briefly reviewed the research progress of stem cells and their derived exosomes therapy for IUA based on rat animal experiments, and the possible mechanisms of stem cells and their derived exosomes in treating IUA.

关 键 词：阴道闭锁 宫腔黏连 干细胞 外泌体 女(雌)性泌尿生殖系统疾病 动物 实验 大鼠 

分 类 号：R711.71[医药卫生—妇产科学]