社会投资国家的发展路径如何行之有道?——基于日本、韩国和中国社会支出的比较分析  

How Social Investment State Is Appropriately Developed?A Comparative Analysis Based on Social Expenditure in Japan,South Korea and China

作　　者：吴小芳 林闽钢[2] Xiaofang Wu;Mingang Lin

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学政治与公共管理学院 [2]南京大学政府管理学院

出　　处：《公共行政评论》2024年第4期18-35,M0003,M0004,共20页Journal of Public Administration

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“社会服务管理体制改革与社会管理创新”(12&ZD063)。

摘　　要：既有文献指出,西方国家的社会投资国家发展路径有两条,分别是社会民主主义路径和自由主义路径。社会民主主义路径的基本特征在于,社会投资政策支出水平高,社会投资政策的主体是公共部门,社会补偿和社会投资政策两者支出同步增长。而自由主义路径的发展特征是,社会投资政策支出水平低,社会投资政策的主体是私人部门,强调工作福利,社会补偿和社会投资政策两者支出此消彼长。进一步分析东亚的日本、韩国的社会支出发现,东亚生产主义的发展路径与自由主义路径相似,但韩国社会投资国家路径呈现转型的趋势。相比较而言,作为一个人口大国,在老龄化加速发展的今天,中国社会投资国家建设必须超越竞争关系,确立发展型社会政策的理念,重视社会服务的基础性作用,走中国特色社会投资国家的发展道路。From a global perspective,development of a social investment states tends to be dominated by one of two approaches:social democratic or liberal.In the former approach,social policy investment is high;the public sector acts as the main service provider;and,expenditures for social compensation and social investment policy grow simultaneously.The liberal approach is characterized by a low level of social policy investment;the private sector is the main service provider:the state requires workfare;and,social compensation and social investment policy expenditures grow at the expense of each other.Analysis of social expenditures in Japan and South Korea shows that the East Asian productivist path is similar to the liberal approach,but South Korea is trending towards the social democratic approach.From a comparative perspective,as a populous country with a rapidly aging population,China must transcend competitive relations in the construction of its social investments.Its resources are far better spent on establishing developmental social policies,attaching more importance to social services,and taking a development path that leads to a social investment country with Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：社会投资国家 社会支出 社会民主主义路径 自由主义路径 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]