基于颜色视觉理论的实验室虹现象探究  

Rainbow phenomenon based on theories of color vision

作　　者：许禹睿 童童 党一桐 韩邦正 毛胜春[2] XU Yurui;TONG Tong;DANG Yitong;HAN Bangzheng;MAO Shengchun(School of Electrical Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;School of Physics,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;School of Aerospace Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学电气工程学院,陕西西安710049 [2]西安交通大学物理学院,陕西西安710049 [3]西安交通大学航天航空学院,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《物理实验》2024年第8期31-37,共7页Physics Experimentation

基　　金：2022年国家级大学生创新训练计划项目(N0.202210698060);2022年西安交通大学本科教学改革研究(拔尖专项)项目(No.22BJ02Y);2023年省级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(No.S202310698227)。

摘　　要：设计实验室中虹现象的复现方案,研究虹现象的视觉特性以及折射介质的影响,引入颜色视觉理论,使用色度图定量表征虹现象的成像质量.设计基于液态介质的复现方案,得到符合理论推演的弓形色度图,验证上述表征方法的可行性.设计基于亚克力材料的复现方案,得到不同粒径、不同均匀程度的折射材料对应的虹现象及其色度图.对比发现,随着介质粒径的增大,对应虹现象中色彩丰富度明显提升.混合不同粒径的折射介质并使其均匀分布,得到色彩更丰富的虹现象.多次实验发现,当粒径为0.1~0.2 mm和0.2~0.4 mm的亚克力小球以质量比5∶12混合后,所得虹现象条带分布明显,具有较高的色彩丰富度和较低的噪点比例.To study the visual characteristics of rainbow and the influence of refractive media on it,a replication plan for the rainbow in the laboratory was designed.With the theory of color vision,chromaticity diagrams could quantitatively characterize the imaging quality.A replication plan based on liquid media was designed to obtain a bow-shaped chromaticity diagram that conformed to theoretical deductions,verifying the feasibility of the above method.A replication plan based on acrylic materials was designed to obtain the rainbow and its corresponding chromaticity diagrams for refractive materials with different particle sizes and uniformity degrees.As the particle size of the medium increased,the richness of colors in the corresponding rainbow improved significantly.Mixing refractive media with different particle sizes and making them uniformly distributed could result in a more colorful rainbow.Through multiple experiments,it was found that when 0.1~0.2 mm and 0.2~0.4 mm acrylic spheres were mixed at a ratio of 5∶12,the resulting rainbow has the distinct strip distribution,high color richness,and low noise ratio.

关 键 词：虹 颜色视觉 色度学 色度图 折射介质 

分 类 号：O432.3[机械工程—光学工程]