浙江宁波鱼山遗址出土木材的种属鉴定与分析  

Identification and Analysis of Species of Wood Unearthed from Yushan Site in Ningbo of Zhejiang Province

作　　者：赵一凡[1] 王树芝[2] 雷少 焦延静 Zhao Yifan;Wang Shuzhi;Lei Shao;Jiao Yanjing

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学历史学院 [2]中国社会科学院考古研究所 [3]宁波市文化遗产管理研究院

出　　处：《农业考古》2024年第4期15-25,共11页Agricultural Archaeology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项“中华文明探源研究”(项目编号:2020YFC1521605);中国社会科学院创新项目“木材考古年代、微环境及木材利用”(项目编号:2021KGYJ020)。

摘　　要：鱼山遗址是浙江省宁波市镇海区以河姆渡文化和商周时期遗存为主体的一处遗址。在2013~2015年发掘中,采集了58个木材样品。经鉴定,出土木材分别属于柏木属(Cupressus sp.)、松属(Pinus sp.)、甜槠(Castanopsis eyrei)、青冈属(Cyclobalanopsis sp.)等15个属或种。研究表明,鱼山先民主要利用遗址周边的树木资源,而且松属、青冈属木材在先民生活中有重要作用,被广泛用作建材和生活用器用材;青冈属为代表的壳斗科树木在河姆渡文化、良渚文化时期可能是先民的食物资源而得到了先民的保护;先民选用甜槠制作木屐,利用榉属、糙叶树属、柿属木材修筑木构通道,利用青冈、甜槠制作木陀螺;在遗址区域发现了古松树遗存,可能是先民自然神信仰的体现。鱼山先民在木材利用上体现了就地取材、因材施用的特点,为探讨宁绍平原史前树木资源利用模式提供了新材料。The Yushan archaeological site is located in Zhenhai district,Ningbo city,Zhejiang Province,and it primarily consists of remains from the Hemudu culture and Shang and Zhou dynasties.During excavations conducted from 2013 to 2015,58 wood samples were collected.The unearthed woods from the Yushan site were identified and belonged to 15 different genera or species,including Cupressus sp.,Pinus sp.,Castanopsis eyrei,Cyclobalanopsis sp.The research indicated that the early inhabitants of Yushan primarily utilized the surrounding tree resources.Pinus and Cyclobalanopsis wood played a crucial role in the daily lives of the early inhabitants and were widely used as construction materials and living woodwork.Cyclobalanopsis,representing the Fagaceae family of trees,might also provide nuts as a food resource in the early stages of the site and were protected by the early inhabitants.Additionally,Astanopsis eyrei was used to make wooden clogs;Zelkova,Diospyros,and Aphananthe wood were utilized in the construction of trestle bridges;Cyclobalanopsis and Castanopsis eyrei were applied to create wooden spinning tops.Ancient Pinus tree remnants were discovered in the site area,possibly indicating a manifestation of the early inhabitants' natural deity worship.The early inhabitants of Yushan demonstrated the practice of using local materials and making the most of available resources,providing valuable new materials for exploring the prehistoric utilization patterns of tree resources in the Ningbo-Shaoxing plain.

关 键 词：鱼山遗址 木材考古 木材利用 木材解剖 考古学文化 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]