论民国时期制革业的发展及其特征——以湖南为中心的考察  

On Development and Characteristics of Leather Industry in the Period of Republic of China:A Focus on Hunan Province

作　　者：熊元彬[1] Xiong Yuanbin

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学哲学与历史文化学院历史系

出　　处：《农业考古》2024年第4期83-91,共9页Agricultural Archaeology

基　　金：湖南省教育厅科学研究青年项目“民国时期湖南第一纺织厂研究”(项目编号:22B0130);国家社会科学基金项目“中国近代学校手工教育流变研究(1867—1949)”(项目编号:23BZS120)。

摘　　要：虽然湖南乃至全国的制革起源较早,但近代中国新式制革的铬鞣法则始于1898年的天津,而湖南则迟至民国初年。其中,在20世纪初实业救国和国货运动的推动下,湖南制革业得以初步发展。特别是在20世纪20年代,即使在政局动荡的影响下,部分制革厂暂时停产或倒闭,但总体上湖南制革业不仅出现了股份制经营管理,而且还呈现出机器与手工作坊并存的发展趋势。抗战爆发后,特别是南京、上海等制革业重要的城市沦陷后,随着人口和工厂的内迁,在战时经济建设的推动下,湖南制革业与其他纺织业一样呈现出畸形繁荣发展。同时,从整个民国时期中国制革业发展历程来看,湖南制革业在阶段性发展中均存在着原料不足、技术较差、原料依赖性较强等诸多特征。Although the origin of leather industry in Hunan Province and even the whole country was earlier,the chrome tanning rules of modern China's new tannery began in Tianjin in 1898,while it appeared later in Hunan in the early period of Republic of China.Under the impetus of saving the country by industry and the movement of domestic products in the early 20th century,Hunan leather industry was initially developed.Especially in the 1920s,even under the influence of political turmoil,the joint-stock management appeared in the Hunan tannery industry while some tanneries temporarily stopped production or closed down,the industry showed the development trend of coexistence of machines and manual workshops.After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in 1931,especially after the fall of Nanjing,Shanghai and other important cities for leather industry,with the inward migration of population and factories and the promotion of wartime economic construction,Hunan leather industry,like other textiles,showed an abnormally prosperous developing trend.At the same time,from the perspective of the comprehensive development of China's leather industry in the Republic of China,there were many characteristics in Hunan's leather industry such as insufficient raw materials,lower technological level and strong dependence on raw materials.

关 键 词：民国 制革业 发展 特征 湖南 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]