中国钕铁硼全产业链产品出口国际竞争力评估  

GLOBAL EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS EVALUATION ON CHINA'S NdFeB ENTIRE INDUSTRIAL CHAIN PRODUCTS

作　　者：冷志惠 孙涵 成金华 车怡飞 孙堃 陈伍 LENG Zhihui;SUN Han;CHENG Jinhua;CHE Yifei;SUN Kun;CHEN Wu(School of Economics and Management,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;Collective Innovation Center for Province-Department-Jointly-Constructed Carbon Emission Trading,Hubei University of Economics,Wuhan 430205,China;Department of Green Technology,University of Southern Denmark,Odense 5230,Denmark)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)经济管理学院,湖北武汉430078 [2]湖北经济学院碳排放权交易省部共建协同创新中心,湖北武汉430205 [3]南丹麦大学绿色技术系,丹麦欧登塞5230

出　　处：《资源与产业》2024年第4期104-117,共14页Resources & Industries

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(71991482)。

摘　　要：随着全球加速向“碳中和”目标转型,关键零部件钕铁硼的战略价值越发凸显,成为国际稀土博弈的核心战场。科学评估钕铁硼全产业链产品出口国际竞争力,对我国稀土行业在新一轮博弈中掌握主动权具有重要的现实意义。立足全产业链视角,采用恒定市场份额模型和显性比较优势方法,将含钕元素产品市场渗透率运用到出口贸易数据中,对1990—2021年中国钕铁硼全产业链173种商品出口国际竞争力和国际地位演变趋势进行研判。研究发现:1)近年来,中国钕铁硼全产业链产品的总体竞争力持续增强,出口商品和市场结构不断优化;2)出口增长模式由原来的市场需求和竞争力共同拉动转向由竞争力主导的模式转变;3)全产业链中下游产品比较优势日益凸显,向价值链中高端不断攀升;4)从国际比较来看,中国钕铁硼全产业链产品面临着出口结构优化程度较弱、精深加工产品的国际竞争力仍然低于传统的主要制造强国(日本和欧盟)、钕金属产品的比较优势逐渐被日本取代,以及终端应用产品比较优势提升缓慢、与世界强国还存在一定的差距等挑战。根据研究结果,提出了以下政策建议:1)高度重视产业链上游产品传统优势快速下降的突出问题;2)积极培育具有潜力的精深加工产品的国际竞争力,进一步巩固优势地位;3)加大终端应用产品科技投入,塑造国际竞争新优势。As the world speeds up to the carbon neutralization,the key parts NdFeB's strategic significance is increasing,becoming a core domain in the global REE market.Scientific evaluation on global export competitiveness of China's NdFeB entire industrial chain products is key for China to seize the initiative amid the new REE gaming.This paper,viewing from perspective of entire industrial chain,puts Nd products market penetration into trading data by means of constant market share model and revealed comparative advantage,studies their global export competitiveness and global position evolution of 173 kinds of NdFeB products during 1990 to 2021.The overall competitiveness of China's NdFeB entire industrial chain products has been increasingly boosted with improved exported goods and market structures.Export growth mode has shifted to being oriented by competitiveness from jointly by market demands and competitiveness.The middle-to down-stream products in the entire industrial chain are increasingly emerging at their comparative advantages,up to middle to high value chain.Globally,China's NdFeB entire industrial chain products are facing a weakly optimized export structure and a lower global competitiveness of fine products than the major manufacturer giants Japan and European Union,Nd products'comparative advantages are gradually being replaced by Japan,the end-use products'comparative advantages are slowly being raised with gaps with giant manufacturers.This paper presents suggestions on paying more attention to the fast-falling upper-stream products'conventional advantages,on cultivating global competitiveness of potential fine products,and on enlarging R&D inputs on end-use products to reach a new global competitiveness.

关 键 词：钕铁硼 全产业链 出口竞争力 恒定市场份额模型 显性比较优势 

分 类 号：F407.1[经济管理—产业经济]