哺乳期发生腹泻和肺炎对荷斯坦奶牛寿命和生产性能的影响  

Effect of Diarrhea and Pneumonia During Pre-weaning Period on the Longevity and Productive Performance of Holstein Cows

作　　者：彭成成 木拉提·米尼尔 葛瑜涵 张新月 陆文韬 沈凯迪 曹杰[1] 马翀[1] PENG Chengcheng;Murat Munir;GE Yuhan;ZHANG Xinyue;LU Wentao;SHEN Kaidi;CAO Jie;MA Chong(College of Veterinary Medicine,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Afimilk(China)Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100125,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学动物医院,北京海淀100193 [2]阿菲金(中国)农业科技有限公司,北京朝阳100125

出　　处：《中国兽医杂志》2024年第8期49-53,共5页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine

摘　　要：为探究哺乳期发生腹泻和肺炎对荷斯坦奶牛寿命和后续生产性能的影响,本试验以国内某规模化牧场2012—2022年荷斯坦奶牛离群记录为基础,根据哺乳期疾病记录将奶牛分为H组(健康组)、D组(腹泻组)、P组(肺炎组)和D+P组(腹泻+肺炎组)。原始数据清洗后,使用方差分析法比较哺乳期疾病对奶牛存活日龄、首次参配日龄、首次产犊月龄和头胎305 d产奶量的影响。使用Kaplan-Meier法分析各组奶牛生存概率,Cox比例风险回归模型分析各组奶牛400日龄内离群风险。结果显示,与H组相比,D组、P组和D+P组奶牛存活日龄和生存概率极显著降低(P<0.01),400日龄内离群风险极显著增加(P<0.01),首次参配日龄、首次产犊月龄和头胎305 d产奶量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结果表明,哺乳期腹泻和肺炎对奶牛寿命造成负面影响,对繁殖性能和泌乳性能无负面影响。To investigate the effects of diarrhea and pneumonia during pre-weaning on the longevity and subsequent productivity of Holstein cows,this study utilized the culling records from a large-scale commercial dairy farm between 2012 and 2022.Based on the disease records during pre-weaning period,cows were categorized into four groups:H group(healthy group),D group(diarrhea group),P group(pneumonia group),and D+P group(diarrhea+pneumonia group).After cleaning the raw data,an analysis of variance was used to compare the effects of the diseases on cows'survival days,age at first insemination,age at first calving,and 305-day milk yield of the first lactation.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the survival probabilities of cows in each group,and the Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the culling risk within 400 days for each group.The results showed that compared to the H group,the survival days and survival probabilities of cows in the D,P,and D+P groups were significantly reduced(P<0.01),and the culling risk within 400 days was significantly increased(P<0.01).However,there were no significant differences in the age at first insemination,age at first calving,and 305-day milk yield of the first lactation(P>0.05).The findings indicate that diarrhea and pneumonia during pre-weaning negatively affect cow longevity but do not negatively impact reproductive performance and milk yield in first lactation.

关 键 词：犊牛腹泻 犊牛肺炎 泌乳性能 繁殖性能 生存分析 

分 类 号：S823.9[农业科学—畜牧学]