兽用消毒剂环境安全性研究进展  

Research Progress on the Environmental Safety of Veterinary Disinfectants

作　　者：林旭东 马文瑾 徐向月 霍美霞 房梦雅 寇紫艳 黄玲利[1,2,3] LIN Xudong;MA Wenjin;XU Xiangyue;HUO Meixia;FANG Mengya;KOU Ziyan;HUANG Lingli(National Veterinary Drug Residue Benchmark Laboratory,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;College of Veterinary Medicine,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;National Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学国家兽药残留基准实验室,湖北武汉430070 [2]华中农业大学动物医学院,湖北武汉430070 [3]华中农业大学国家兽药安全评价实验室,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《中国兽医杂志》2024年第8期97-104,共8页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1800402)。

摘　　要：消毒剂常被用于杀灭传播媒介上的病原微生物,兽医和牲畜用消毒剂是控制传染性病原体的关键要素。随着我国集约化养殖模式的扩大,消毒剂的应用量不断增加,消毒剂及其副产物在环境中的暴露量不断增大,带来了一系列的环境影响,例如生态毒性和微生物耐药性的增加,间接影响人类健康。消毒剂大多以消毒副产物(DBPs)的形式存在于环境,大量存在于水体和土壤,进行环境安全性评价有助于了解其潜在危害。本文简述了部分消毒剂及其副产物在环境中的暴露现状,并总结其环境行为特性、生态毒性、对耐药性和抗性基因的影响,对其在环境中的安全性研究现状进行综述,为科学消毒模式提供参考依据。Disinfectants are commonly used to kill pathogenic microorganisms on transmission vectors.Veterinary and livestock disinfectants are key elements in controlling infectious pathogens.With the expansion of intensive farming practices in China,the usage of disinfectants has increased,leading to greater exposure of disinfectants and their by-products in the environment.This has brought a series of environmental impacts,such as increased ecological toxicity and microbial resistance,indirectly affecting human health.Disinfectants largely exist in the environment as disinfection by-products(DBPs),predominantly found in water bodies and soil.Environmental safety evaluations help understand their potential hazards.This article briefly describes the current exposure status of some disinfectants and their by-products in the environment,summarizes their environmental behavior characteristics,ecological toxicity,and impacts on resistance and resistance genes,and reviews the current research status on their environmental safety,providing reference for scientific disinfection practices.

关 键 词：消毒剂 消毒副产物 环境 毒性 耐药性 

分 类 号：S859.1[农业科学—临床兽医学]