生态环境损害赔偿的逻辑重构--从“权利救济”到“义务证成”的嬗变  

The Logical Reconstruction of Compensation for Ecological Environment Damage:The Evolution from“Right Relief”to“Obligation Justification”

作　　者：赵小姣 ZHAO Xiaojiao(School of Law,Shantou University,Shantou 515063,China)

机构地区：[1]汕头大学法学院,广东汕头515063

出　　处：《大连理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期101-110,共10页Journal of Dalian University of Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“生态环境损害民刑责任一体化研究”(20CFX072)。

摘　　要：当前生态环境损害赔偿主要是在自然资源国家所有权的理论框架内进行设计,但在权利话语下,不仅自然资源国家所有权的性质争议引发诉讼性质认定之困难,而且权利本质的个人性与生态环境的公共性相悖。为避免循此“权利救济”逻辑安排给环境司法造成不可忽视的漏洞,有必要转向义务视角证成政府提起索赔的内在逻辑。即生态环境损害赔偿制度的实质是政府履行环境保护义务的新方式。鉴于此,首要的是遵循行政优先原则将生态环境损害赔偿诉讼作为行政执法不能之兜底手段,在此基础上合理赋权和严格控权以保证赔偿磋商的公平公正,同时应完善问责机制以避免政府索赔角色的冲突,最后衔接好生态环境损害赔偿与关联诉讼的关系,进而保障该制度的全面推进。At present,compensation for ecological environmental damage is mainly designed within the theoretical framework of state ownership of natural resources.However,within the discourse of rights,the nature of state ownership of natural resources is controversial,which makes it difficult to identify the nature of litigation.Moreover,the individuality of rights is contrary to the publicity of the ecological environment.In order to avoid the loophole caused by the logic of“right relief”,it is necessary to turn to the perspective of obligation to prove the internal logic of compensation.The essence of compensation for ecological environmental damage is to provide a new way for the government to fulfill environmental protection obligations.Accordingly,the first thing is to follow the principle of administrative priority.Only in the case of administrative relief failure can ecological environment damage compensation litigation be initiated.Thus,it is necessary to rationally empower and strictly control the power to ensure the fairness of compensation negotiations.At the same time,the accountability mechanism should be improved to avoid conflicting claims.Finally,the relationship between compensation for ecological environmental damage and related litigation should be coherent so as to ensure that the system can be comprehensively promoted.

关 键 词：生态环境损害赔偿 自然资源国家所有权 环境保护义务 公法责任 行政优先 

分 类 号：D912.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]