千岛湖外来物种蓝鳃太阳鱼的生活史特征及适应性  

LIFE HISTORY CHARACTERISTIC AND ADAPTABILITY OF THE EXOTIC BLUEGILL SUNFISH(LEPOMIS MACROCHIRUS)POPULATION IN QIANDAOHU LAKE

作　　者：马玉兴 梁智策 文峰 廖传松 盘家永 邵建强 何光喜 刘家寿[2,3] 郭传波 MA Yu-Xing;LIANG Zhi-Ce;WEN Feng;LIAO Chuan-Song;PAN Jia-Yong;SHAO Jian-Qiang;HE Guang-Xi;LIU Jia-Shou;GUO Chuan-Bo(Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China;State Key Laboratory of Ecology and Biotechnology,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academyof Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Hangzhou Qiandaohu Development Group Co.,Ltd.,Chun’an 311700,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学,大连116023 [2]中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,武汉430072 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]杭州千岛湖发展集团有限公司,淳安311700

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2024年第9期1541-1552,共12页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-45);国家自然科学基金(32172980)资助。

摘　　要：为研究蓝鳃太阳鱼(Lepomis macrochirus)种群生活史特征及适应性,以千岛湖蓝鳃太阳鱼种群为研究对象,于2021年3月至2023年1月逐月采集样本共3484尾,系统研究了蓝鳃太阳鱼年龄、生长、繁殖和死亡等生活史特征及适应性。结果表明:千岛湖蓝鳃太阳鱼的种群平均体长为(88±0.6)mm,平均体重为(30.42±0.53)g。其种群年龄结构简单,1—2龄的低龄个体占优势(83.97%)。通过拟合幂函数方程得到体长与体重关系式为BW=1×10^(–5)SL^(3.1543)(N=3484,R^(2)=0.97)。另外,千岛湖蓝鳃太阳鱼具有明显的雌雄异形现象,其繁殖季节为4—9月,绝对繁殖力为(11405±921)粒/尾,相对繁殖力为(282±14)粒/g,平均卵径为(0.74±0.003)mm。最后,利用Pauly经验公式和长度变换渔获曲线法分别估算出:自然死亡系数(M)为1.05,总死亡系数(Z)为3.58,捕捞死亡系数(F)为2.53,种群开发率(E)为0.71。综上,千岛湖蓝鳃太阳鱼的种群呈现出典型的r生活史对策,整体种群数量呈上升趋势,种群规模具有进一步扩张的潜在风险,亟需相应的管理和控制。与原产地北美及其他入侵地的种群相比,蓝鳃太阳鱼在繁殖时间及早期生长速度等的改变是其成功入侵千岛湖的关键适应性特征。研究结果补充了国内有关蓝鳃太阳鱼的种群生长特性、年龄结构和繁殖特征等基础资料,揭示了其在千岛湖入侵成功的适应性机制,为我国蓝鳃太阳鱼的入侵防控提供了重要的理论依据。Biological invasions,as an important component of global change,have caused enormous ecological,economic and evolutionary impacts worldwide,posing a serious threat to the biodiversity conservation.The bluegill sunfish(Lepomis macrochirus),a quintessential exotic fish,has successfully established itself in some of China’s natu-ral waters.Despite its presence,there is a notable absence of studies or reports on the life history characteristics and adaptations of bluegill sunfish populations in China.In this study,we systematically collected a total of 3484 samples of bluegill sunfish monthly from March 2021 to January 2023,focusing on the population in Qiandaohu Lake.We exami-ned various life history traits,including age,growth,reproduction,and mortality,as well as bluegill sunfish adaptations.The results showed that the mean body length of bluegill sunfish was(88±0.6)mm,with a mean body weight of(30.42±0.53)g.The age structure displayed simplicity,predominantly featuring younger individuals aged 1—2 years(83.97%).The body length-weight relationship was obtained by fitting a power function equation as BW=1×10^(–5)SL^(3.1543)(N=3484,R^(2)=0.97).In addition,sexual dimorphism was evident in Qiandaohu Lake bluegill sunfish,with a breeding season spanning from April to September.Noteworthy reproductive characteristics included an absolute fecundity of(11405±921)grains/tail,a relative fecundity of(282±14)grains/g,and an average egg diameter of(0.74±0.003)mm.Natural mortality was estimated at 1.05/year using the empirical formula proposed by Pauly.The fishing(F)and total mortality(Z)coefficients,along with the exploitation rate(E)were estimated at 2.53/year,3.58/year and 0.14,respectively,using the length-converted catch curve method.In summary,the population of bluegill sunfish in Qiandaohu Lake showed characteristics typical of an r-strategistis,with an overall increasing population size.This poses the potential risk of further expansion,destabilizing the ecosystem of Qiandaohu Lake,necessitating urgent manag

关 键 词：千岛湖 蓝鳃太阳鱼 生物入侵 生活史策略 适应性特征 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]