基于Ecopath模型的漳泽水库生态系统特征及鲢、鳙生态容量评估  

ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS AND ECOLOGICAL CAPACITY OF HYPOPHTHALMICHTHYS MOLITRIX AND ARISTICHTHYS NOBILIS IN THE ZHANGZE RESERVOIR BASED ON ECOPATH MODEL

作　　者：刘子萌 冯民权[1] 杨锐婧 刘果果 LIU Zi-Meng;FENG Min-Quan;YANG Rui-Jing;LIU Guo-Guo(State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,西安710048

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2024年第9期1553-1565,共13页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51679191);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2019JZ-42)资助。

摘　　要：为明晰漳泽水库生态系统的基本特征,估算滤食性鱼类鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鳙(Aristichys nobilis)的生态容量,探究鲢鳙增殖放流过程对生态系统的影响,根据2022—2023年的渔业资源调查数据构建漳泽水库Ecopath模型。结果显示,漳泽水库生态系统的联结程度相对紧密,整体上稳定性较差且处于不成熟阶段。鲢、鳙的生态容量分别为161.5和70.3 t/km^(2),分别为当前生物量的3.549和1.947倍,渔业生物量增长潜力显著。鲢、鳙增殖至生态容量过程中,漳泽水库生态系统的总初级生产量/总呼吸量值分别降低0.47和0.15,系统连结指数(CI)和Finn平均路径长度(FMPL)略有增大,说明生态系统的能量利用效率有所提高,生态系统复杂性和成熟度趋于提高。考虑将鲢、鳙生物量分别调整为最大可持续产量80.75和35.15 t/km^(2),提高鲢鳙生产量的同时,有助于生态系统成熟度的提高。以上结果反映了漳泽水库生态系统的发展状况,同时可为渔业增殖管理提供参考。Ecopath is a modeling tool utilized for analyzing the structure and function of marine and freshwater ecosys-tems,providing an effective means to assess the structure and energy flow within food webs across various ecosystems.Numerous scholars have employed the Ecopath model to establish ecosystem models for oceans,ponds,lakes,estua-ries,and reservoirs,aiming to explore ecosystem structure,function and energy flow characteristics,as well as assess the phylogenetic status and maturity.Additionally,the model has been applied to study the ecological capacity of target species in marine ecosystems such as Wangjiadao Islands and Daya Bay,aiding in the evaluation of breeding and releasing activities.However,the use of the Ecopath model to study the ecological capacity of target species in inland lake reservoir ecosystems,particularly during breeding and releasing activities,requires further investigation.To eluci-date the fundamental characteristics of the Zhangze Reservoir ecosystem,estimate the ecological capacity of filter-feed-ing fish species such as silver carp and bighead,and explore the impact of silver carp proliferation and release on the ecosystem,this study employed the Ecopath with Ecosim 6.6.5(EwE)software package for modeling and analysis.The Ecopath model of Zhangze Reservoir was constructed based on fishery resource survey data from 2022 to 2023,divid-ing the ecosystem into 16 functional groups based on ecological niches and feeding characteristics of organisms.The results showed that the trophic level of each functional group ranged from 1 to 3.31.The energy conversion efficiency of primary producers and detritus stood at 9.04%and 9.25%,respectively,with the total energy conversion efficiency of the ecosystem at 9.04%.Moreover,the total flow of each trophic level exhibited an inverse proportion to its trophic level,conforming to the ecological energy pyramid law.The total annual flow of the Zhangze Reservoir ecosystem was measured at 53531.34 t/km^(2),with a system linkage index(CI)of 0.267,system omn

关 键 词：生态系统 生态容量 ECOPATH模型 

分 类 号：S932[农业科学—渔业资源]