化工用耐浓盐酸腐蚀金属材料  

Metal materials resistant to concentrated hydrochloric acid corrosion for chemical industry

作　　者：张猛 李晓炜 王宁 段永锋 ZHANG Meng;LI Xiaowei;WANG Ning;DUAN Yongfeng(SEG Luoyang R&D Center of Technology,Luoyang 471003,China;SINOPEC Anti-corrosion Research Center of Petrochemical Equipment,Luoyang 471003,China)

机构地区：[1]中石化炼化工程集团洛阳技术研发中心,河南洛阳471003 [2]中国石油化工集团石化设备防腐蚀研究中心,河南洛阳471003

出　　处：《石油化工腐蚀与防护》2024年第4期29-35,共7页Corrosion & Protection In Petrochemical Industry

基　　金：中国石化科技开发项目“碳酸二甲酯装置腐蚀评价与选材研究”(CHG22144)。

摘　　要：从金属材料在盐酸中的腐蚀机理出发,梳理总结了钛、锆和钽及其合金与哈氏合金等金属材料的耐浓盐酸腐蚀性能,分析了盐酸温度、浓度和其中的氧化性成分含量对腐蚀速率和腐蚀类型的影响,为化工装置设计选材和耐浓盐酸腐蚀合金的开发提供了参考。钛及其合金不耐浓盐酸腐蚀;在沸腾状态的浓盐酸中,哈氏合金B-3的腐蚀速率不超过0.35 mm/a,而哈氏合金C系列的腐蚀速率则大于2.5 mm/a,在浓盐酸沸点以上的一定温度区间内,锆的腐蚀速率小于0.13 mm/a;随着盐酸温度和浓度的变化,钽的耐浓盐酸腐蚀性能变化很小,且其耐蚀性能优于锆;当盐酸中存在Fe^(3+)等氧化性成分时,哈氏合金B-3的腐蚀速率会急剧增大,而哈氏合金C-2000和C-22的腐蚀速率却会显著降低,锆则会发生点蚀和应力腐蚀开裂。Based on the corrosion mechanism of metal materials in hydrochloric acid,corrosion resistances of titanium,zirconium,tantalum and their alloys,as well as Hastelloy alloys,to concentrated hydrochloric acid were summarized.The influences of temperature,concentration,and oxidizing components content of hydrochloric acid on corrosion rate and corrosion type were analyzed,which provided reference for material selection in chemical unit and development of alloys resistant to concentrated hydrochloric acid corrosion.Titanium and its alloys were not resistant to concentrated hydrochloric acid corrosion;the corrosion rate of Hastelloy B-3 in boiling concentrated hydrochloric acid was no more than 0.35 mm/a,while that of Hastelloy C series was greater than 2.5 mm/a;in a certain temperature range above the boiling point of concentrated hydrochloric acid,the corrosion rate of zirconium was less than 0.13 mm/a.With the change of temperature and concentration of hydrochloric acid,the corrosion resistance of tantalum changed very little,which was better than that of zirconium.When there were oxidizing components such as Fe^(3+)in hydrochloric acid,the corrosion rate of Hastelloy B-3 increased sharply,while the corrosion rates of Hastelloy C-2000 and C-22 decreased significantly.However,pitting corrosion and stress corrosion cracking occurred on zirconium.

关 键 词：浓盐酸 金属材料 腐蚀速率 点蚀 应力腐蚀开裂 

分 类 号：TQ050.9[化学工程]