褐毛荔果实表型性状多样性研究  

Study on the fruit phenotypic characters diversity of Litchi chinensis var.fulvosus

作　　者：张辉 曹学仁[2] 张蕾[4] 李松刚[4] 洪继旺 吴佶 张惠云[3] 丁灿[1] 罗心平[3] 王家保[2] ZHANG Hui;CAO Xueren;ZHANG Lei;LI Songgang;HONG Jiwang;WU Ji;ZHANG Huiyun;DING Can;LUO Xinping;WANG Jiabao(Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650000,Yunnan,China;Environment and Plant Protection Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 570100,Hainan,China;Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Baoshan 678000,Yunnan,China;Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 570100,Hainan,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学,昆明650000 [2]中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海口570100 [3]云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所,云南保山678000 [4]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海口570100

出　　处：《果树学报》2024年第8期1546-1562,共17页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2021XDNY156);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1200200);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-32)。

摘　　要：【目的】对云南省的褐毛荔种质资源果实表型性状进行遗传多样性分析,为褐毛荔种质资源的评价和利用提供依据。【方法】在褐毛荔分布较多的云南省10个县调查收集褐毛荔种质资源,采集成熟果实,评价果实的16个描述性性状和8个数量性状,并对资源进行表型多样性分析、聚类分析及主成分分析。【结果】共调查收集到93份褐毛荔资源,其中1份为焦核资源。褐毛荔种质资源果实表型遗传多样性较丰富,数量性状的遗传多样性均高于描述性性状,其中多样性指数最高的是种子质量,为2.98。变异系数最高的是果皮质量,为38.36%。果实的主要特征包括:形状为歪心形,果皮颜色淡红带微黄,果肩和果顶形状多为双肩斜和钝圆;龟裂片多为平滑,裂片峰多为毛尖,缝合线不明显,果肉颜色以蜡白色为主,果肉内膜褐色为无或少,种子形状以椭圆形为主,种皮颜色以浅褐色为主,肉质多为细嫩,香味、风味和涩味以无香、酸甜、微涩为主,种子多为大核。根据果实数量性状分析将93份荔枝资源分为5类,其中第Ⅱ类的可食率最高,为62.49%,第Ⅴ类的果实最大。根据果实描述性性状可将荔枝资源分为4类,其中第Ⅳ类的果实风味较好。主成分分析结果表明,前2个主成分主要体现了果实大小、果实可食率和可溶性固形物含量,依据主成分得分,筛选出2株优异单株。【结论】褐毛荔种质资源表型多样性较为丰富,可用于荔枝新种质创制和新品种选育。【Objective】Litchi chinensis Sonn.var.fulvosus Y.Q.Lee(LF)is a wild variety of litchi that originated in Yunnan province.It has many special characteristics,such as very easy flowering,high fruit-setting rate,high yield,early maturity,sour taste pulp,and so on.In the litchi industry,LF is mostly used as rootstocks.In recent years,some trees of LF has been cut down to grow other crops with high economic value or distroyed by the drought in spring in some areas,which led to the loss of its genetic diversity.Therefore,it is urgent to strengthen the investigation of the germplasm resources to preserve the genetic diversity of LF.In this study,we investigated the wild LF resources extensively in Yunnan province and collected the fruits from 93 single plants.The characteristics of these fruits were measured,evaluated,and analyzed to provide a certain basis for further research and utilization of LF.【Methods】LF distributed in 10 counties of Yunnan province were extensively investigated,and 93 single LF plants were recorded,with at least 50 meters apart from each other.At least 15 matured fruits were picked from each plant.A total of 16 descriptive traits were measured according to the description standard and the 8 quantitative traits were also determined based on the standard methods.The distribution frequency,coefficient of variation,and diversity index of these characters were analyzed.The LF plants were classified by systematic cluster analysis according to both the descriptive and quantitative index,and the principal component analysis was carried out.【Results】(1)The main fruit descriptive traits of LF were determined.Most LF plants had fruits with crooked-heart shapes,reddish with yellowish pericarp,oblique fruit shoulder,convex,and obtuse shape of fruit tip,smooth shape of fruit skin segments with hairy-tip shape of protuberances,and inconspicuous suture line.The fruits from most LF germplasm resources had waxy-white pulp with a little brown inner membrane or absence of color.The fruit pulp usually sho

关 键 词：褐毛荔(Litchi chinensis var.fulvosus Y.Q.Lee) 果实 表型多样性 聚类分析 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S667.1[农业科学—果树学]