从赛龙舟、“村BA”到巴黎奥运会——中国体育人类学的两条脉络  

From Dragon Boat Race,CunBA to the Paris Olympics:Two Features of Anthropology of Sports in China

作　　者：郑少雄 ZHENG Shaoxiong

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学社会与民族学院 [2]中国社会科学院社会学研究所社会文化人类学研究中心

出　　处：《社会学评论》2024年第4期54-77,共24页Sociological Review of China

摘　　要：基于回顾及反思,本文指出,一方面,通过学科引进,以体育学者为主体的“体育的人类学研究”在民族传统体育方面展开研究并奠定了学科基础,但也存在过于依赖进化论框架、理论素养不足等局限。从族群关系视角来看,民族传统体育是民族交往、交流、交融的产物,民族地区现代体育项目的火爆则展示了中华民族多元一体格局之下的互补特征。另一方面,着眼于当代体育现象,结合海外体育人类学前沿经验,以人类学者为主体的“人类学的体育研究”应当具备跨文化视野,展开扎实的民族志积累,并根据切实的理论揭示体育现象背后的变迁:民族国家的意义正在被重新强调,但也不断显露出对外部性的包容。两者应结合成以文化人类学为依托的统一的体育人类学。This paper reflects on the research of anthropology of sports in China and puts forward some prospects for the future.On the one hand,by introducing discipline,the"anthropology of sports mainly by sports scholars"section has carried out extensive research in traditional ethnic minority sports,laying an empirical foundation for the formation of this discipline.However,this section has some limitations,such as over-reliance on the framework of cultural evolution and lack of theoretical insight.From the perspective of cross-ethnic relationships,ethnic minority sports activities are the product of exchanges among various ethnic groups,and that the popularity of the hot sports events shows the complementary relationship among the diverse-integrated Chinese ethnic groups.On the other hand,starting from the contemporary sports phenomenon,referring to the relevant experience from overseas studies of the anthropology of sports regarding China,this paper points out that the"anthropology of sports mainly by cultural anthropologists"section should have a cross-cultural perspective,carry out solid ethnographic field accumulation,and explain or interpret the social changes behind the sports phenomenon from an accurate theoretical perspective.The significance of the nation-state is being reemphasized as a style,but the nationalism of the new style is open to foreignness and internationalism.The two sections,should based on cultural anthropology be combined into an inherently unified anthropology of sports.

关 键 词：体育人类学 民族传统体育 现代职业体育 民族主义 跨国体育流动 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]