原始蒙古语p、h辅音研究  

Research on the Consonants P and H in Proto-Mongolic

作　　者：金刚 Jin gang(Minzu Universitiy of China,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学中国少数民族语言文学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《内蒙古社会科学（蒙文版）》2024年第3期77-92,共16页Social Sciences of Inner Mongolia:Mongolian Edition

摘　　要：原始蒙古语语音系统中即存在P、h两个辅音,这两个辅音均保留于西支蒙古语族语言固有词词首。因为p辅音与蒙古语b辅音相对应,所以p辅音并非像G.J.兰司铁所提出的那样,发生了p>f>h>0的演变,而是发生了p>b的演变。h辅音虽然在中古后期完全消失于蒙古语,但是在其它蒙古语族语言中都适当地保留了下来,并且在某些环境中还变成了别的辅音。大致在圆唇元音之前演变为f、p,在i元音之前演变为■等。也有在个别语言中演变为x、在个别语言中部分演变为x的现象。所以,就兰司铁所提出的p>f>h的定律而言,在原始蒙古语固有词的范围,无论其具有怎样的依据,均应视之为h>f>p之误。The consonants p and h exist in the proto-Mongolic phonological system,both are retained in the initial position of native words in the Western Mongolic languages.Since the consonant p corresponds to the consonant b in Mongolian,it is evident that the evolution proposed by G.J.Ramstedt,i.e.,p>f>h>O,did not occur.Instead,the consonant p evolved into b.Although the consonant h completely disappeared from Mongolian during the late middle Mongolian period,it has been appropriately preserved in other Mongolic languages.In certain environments,it transformed into other consonants,roughly evolving into f or p before rounded vowels and into ■before the vowel i.In some languages,all their occurrence evolved into X,while in others,some of their occurrence evolved into x.Therefore,t within the scope of native proto-Mongolic words,the law proposed by G.J.Ramstedt,p>f>h,should be regarded as a misinterpretation of h>f>p,regardless of its basis.

关 键 词：原始蒙古语 蒙古语族语言 固有p、h辅音 

分 类 号：H21[语言文字—少数民族语言]