永奠海南:张之洞治黎的实践策略及思想内涵  

Eternal Foundation in Hainan:Zhang Zhidong's Practical Strategies and Ideological Connotation in Governing the Li People

作　　者：黄俊棚[1] 王芷依 Huang Junpeng;Wang Zhiyi(Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences,Chengdu,610071,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省社会科学院,四川成都610071

出　　处：《民族学刊》2023年第12期79-86,148,共9页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社科基金西部项目“习近平关于中华优秀传统文化重要论述研究”(19XKS036);四川省规划重大项目“近代以来中国传统文化变迁与中华民族伟大复兴的关系研究”(SC20ZDZW007)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：海南自光绪五年爆发“黎乱”危机后,长期未能平息。光绪九年,中法战启,次年张之洞督粤,全力组织抗法战争,尚不能顾及处理海南“黎乱”。光绪十一年,客民、黎民联合起义,海南深陷内忧外患之局。此时抗法战争接近尾声,张之洞即遣冯子材赴琼平息叛乱,于年底基本平定“黎乱”,随即着手实施治黎政策,内容包括:抚黎编户稳定社会秩序、设抚黎局强化政府管理、开通山路便利交通、移民垦田发展农业、开矿设墟兴办商业、改造文化促进汉黎两族文化交流、置炮固港加强海防等,取得显著成效。张之洞治黎的思想围绕“永奠海南”展开,立足于海南的长远发展,从经济、文化、社会治安等方面促进汉黎两族和平发展,并将海南纳入两广地区乃至全国的战略部署之中,以此保障海南及两广地区的海疆安全。这些实践及思想对当下国家治理少数民族聚居区、加强地方管理、促进民族间和谐共处、维护海疆安全等都具有一定参考价值。Records show that in the 1880s,Zhang Zhidong implemented a series of governance and construction measures targeted at the Li ethnic group in Hainan,achieving significant results.This article believes that a study of the practice and ideas of Zhang Zhidong's governance of the Li people holds a certain relevance for current national governance of ethnic minority settlements,strengthening local management,promoting harmonious coexistence among ethnic groups,and even maintaining maritime security.Existing scholarly discourse appears to predominantly accentuate Zhang s achievements in governing the Li community:They seem to contend that he objectively guided the Li ethnic group to assimilate into the Han in fields like politics,economy,society,and culture,promoting a symbiotic exchange and integration of the Li and the Han.It is generally understood that Zhang Zhidong's basic policy of developing Hainan achieved a measure of success;still,some scholars also have critiqued the brevity and a certain inefficacy of his governance over the Li population in Qiongzhou(the historical name for Hainan).In addition,they believe that his policy failed to alleviate the entrenched poverty and underdevelopment of the Li-inhabited regions,which remained dominated by a subsistence-based economy,despite internal and external troubles.Moreover,while existing research provides references for this study,it has been deficient in scrutinizing Zhang s ideological level of ethnic minority governance.Consequently,this article tries to bridge this lacuna by undertaking an in-depth exploration of Zhang Zhidong's ideas and connotations on ethnic minority settlement governance.Findings show that Zhang s ideology of governing the Li ethnic group had always revolved around the eternal foundation of Hainan:Firstly,Zhang Zhidong's measures for societal stabilization was to implement his governance philosophy of“indigenous rule,”wherein he endeavored to govern the Li region through local officials,aiming to mitigate ethnic tensions.Secondly,Zhang a

关 键 词：张之洞 治黎 海南 永奠海南 

分 类 号：C956[社会学—民族学]