民族交往交流交融的见证:羌族土司官印考察  

Witnessing Ethnic Communication,Interaction,and Integration:The Tusi Official Seal of the Qiang Preserved in the Museum of Southwest Minzu University

作　　者：李春华[1] 鲁大立 Li Chunhua;Lu Dali(Minzu Museum,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu,610041,Sichuan,China;Cultural and Creative Tourism Industry Promotion Center,Tengzhou,277599,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学民族博物馆,四川成都610041 [2]滕州市文创旅游产业促进中心,山东滕州277599

出　　处：《民族学刊》2023年第12期87-93,149,共8页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：2023年度国家哲学社会科学领军人才项目“考古学视野下铸牢中华民族共同体意识路径研究”;西南民族大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“西南地区古代‘三交’文物研究、‘专门考古创新团队’”(2022SCXTD01)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：土司制度对中华民族的发展有重要影响。羌族是我国最古老的民族之一,在其漫长的历史发展过程中,土司制度是羌族史中非常重要的篇章。土司官印是羌族土司在历史发展过程中的实物遗存资料,是中央王朝赋予土司权威的象征,是土司制度的物化体现。作为政治信物的官印,其所承载的意义并不只是单纯的实用功能,而是在政治、经济、生活等方面的社会功用,对研究羌族融入中华民族多元一体化的历史进程具有重要价值。本文简要梳理了四川羌族地区土司制度的历史沿革,对羌族土司官印的保存现状及形制特征进行了初步考察。羌族土司官印作为中央王朝与民族地区政治关系的实证,是研究羌族地区土司历史和土司官印规章制度的重要实物资料,同时也是羌族与其他民族交往交流交融的典型例证,对构筑中华民族共有精神家园、铸牢中华民族共同体意识具有重要启示。The Tusi system(a framework of native officials in feudal China)exerted significant influence on the development of the Chinese nation.Among China's ancient ethnic groups,the Qiang stands as one of the oldest.Documents show that during its long history,the Tusi system has been constituting a very important chapter in the history of the Qiang people,leaving behind a trove of important historical materials,such as seals,in the course of history.The official seal is the symbol of the authority given to the Tusi by the central dynasties,and a tangible embodiment of the Tusi s ystem s power and reach:The official seal,as a political token,carried not only a practical function but held profound social and political significance,permeating various spheres of life,from governance to economics.The Museum of Southwest Minzu University houses a collection of two seals of the Tusi of the Qiang,dating back to the Qianlong period of the Qing dynasty.They are two of the few seals of the Tusi of the Qiang that have survived.As an important cultural relic of the Qiang,these two Tusi official seals offer invaluable research findings on the Tusi history of the Qiang people.Firstly,this paper briefly introduces the form and distinctive characteristics of the two seals of the Qiang and Tusi,noting their adherence to the standard features typical of official seals during the Qing dynasty.The Tusi seal was a symbol of authority bestowed on the Tusi by the Central Dynasty,empowering them to govern and administer their people.The Qing dynasty had detailed and specific regulations on the texture,shape,button type,size,and style of the seal used by local Tusi.According to historical documents and combining them with concrete data derived from the object itself,this paper summarizes the characteristics of the Qiang Tusi s official seal.In addition,this writing gives a brief review of the historical trajectory of the Tusi of the Qiang in Sichuan,tracing their evolution from“Jimi Fuzhou”to“Tusi politics.”Regarding the formation of the

关 键 词：羌族 土司印 交往交流交融 

分 类 号：C956[社会学—民族学]