黄河下游平滩流量的模拟方法  

Simulation methods of bankfull discharge in the Lower Yellow River

作　　者：吴保生[1,2,3] 沈逸 马子普 郑珊 WU Baosheng;SHEN Yi;MA Zipu;ZHENG Shan(State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Key Laboratory of Hydrosphere Sciences of the Ministry of Water Resources,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Department of Hydraulic Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;School of Civil Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学水圈科学与水利工程全国重点实验室,北京100084 [2]清华大学水利部水圈科学重点实验室,北京100084 [3]清华大学水利水电工程系,北京100084 [4]天津大学建筑工程学院,天津300072

出　　处：《水利学报》2024年第7期791-801,共11页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2023YFC3206201);国家自然科学基金项目(U2243218,52079095)。

摘　　要：在黄河流域水沙变异背景下,准确计算黄河下游平滩流量对于河道冲淤趋势预测与悬河治理十分重要。本文在比较分析已有多个黄河下游平滩流量计算方法基础上,首先建立了考虑非汛期水沙条件影响的平滩流量滞后响应模型,再提出了基于滞后响应模型和能量法的平滩流量模拟方法,结果表明:(1)小浪底运行后非汛期水沙条件发生了重要改变,已有研究提出的三种黄河下游平滩流量计算方法中,滑动平均法、滞后响应模型、能量法均无法有效模拟2000年后的黄河下游河道平滩流量。(2)建立了考虑非汛期水沙条件影响的滞后响应模型,以反映小浪底水库运行以来非汛期来水来沙条件的影响,虽然提高了平滩流量的模拟精度,但平滩流量平衡值的计算公式中部分参数差异较大,结构形式不稳定。(3)借鉴能量法的优点,改进了平滩流量平衡值计算公式,改进后的平滩流量计算方法不仅可反映全年来水来沙的影响,而且可同时反映以床沙中值粒径为代表的床面阻力的影响,新方法不仅具有一定的理论基础,而且提高了平滩流量的模拟精度。Under the background of water and sediment variation in the Yellow River Basin,accurate calculation of the bankfull discharge of the lower Yellow River is crucial for predicting the trend of river erosion and sedimentation and controlling the suspended river.On the basis of comparing and analyzing multiple existing methods for calculating the bankfull discharge in the lower Yellow River,this article first establishes a delayed response model for bankfull discharge considering the effect of non-flood season water and sediment conditions.Then,a simulation method for bankfull discharge based on delayed response model and energy method is proposed.The results show that:(1)the significant changes have occurred in non-flood season water and sediment conditions after the operation of the Xiaolangdi reservoir.Among the three methods proposed in previous studies for calculating the bankfull discharge in the lower Yellow River,the sliding average method,delayed response model,and energy method are all unable to effectively simulate the bankfull discharge in the lower Yellow River after 2000.(2)A delayed response model considering the effect of non-flood season water and sediment conditions has been established to reflect the impact of non-flood season water and sediment conditions since the operation of Xiaolangdi Reservoir.Although the simulation accuracy of bankfull discharge has been improved,some parameters in the calculation formula for the balance value of bankfull discharge have significant differences and the structural form is unstable.(3)Drawing on the advantages of the energy method,the formula for calculating the equilibrium value of bankfull discharge has been improved.The improved bankfull discharge calculation method can not only reflect the impact of annual incoming water and sediment,but also simultaneously reflect the effect of bed resistance represented by the median particle size of bed sediment.The new method not only has a certain theoretical basis,but also improves the simulation accuracy of bankfull

关 键 词：黄河下游 平滩流量 来水来沙 床沙中值粒径 滞后响应 能量法 

分 类 号：TV143[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]