不同地层下钻机回转系统随载调速动态特性研究  

Research on Dynamic Characteristics of Drilling Rig Rotary System with Load Speed Regulation under Different Strata

作　　者：兰波 朱勇 高强 王节涛[2] 张辉 LAN Bo;ZHU Yong;GAO Qiang;WANG Jietao;ZHANG Hui(Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212013,China;Wuhan Center of China Geological Survey,Wuhan Hubei 430205,China;Jiangsu Gaiya Environmental Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Suzhou Jiangsu 215100,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏大学流体机械工程技术研究中心,江苏镇江212013 [2]中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心,湖北武汉430205 [3]江苏盖亚环境科技股份有限公司,江苏苏州215100

出　　处：《机床与液压》2024年第16期118-127,共10页Machine Tool & Hydraulics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(52175052);国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1512402)。

摘　　要：由于钻进成井地层中岩石分布具有不确定性和随机性,导致钻机回转液压系统的动态特性复杂多变,若钻具的回转速度无法根据地层情况自动调节,将导致钻具出现“卡钻”和“偏斜”现象。以钻机回转液压系统为研究对象,对地下资源的地层分布情况进行研究,并计算出不同地层下适用的扭矩及转速;基于AMESim和Simulink构建钻机回转系统的机电液联合仿真模型;最后,研究系统在4类地层破岩作业时的动态特性及其对钻具转速的调控效果。结果表明:钻机回转系统的压力能够在0.01 s内由初始0上升至工作压力2.1 MPa,在负载扭矩突增时系统表现出良好的抗干扰能力和稳定性;此外,利用马达进出口压差来控制钻具转速的方法,其滞后性为0.5 s且误差值不超过5%,响应速度较快、控制精度较高。Due to the uncertainty and randomness of the rock distribution in the drilling formation,the dynamic characteristics of the rotary hydraulic system of the drilling rig are complex and variable.Simultaneously,if the rotary speed of the drilling tools can′t be regulated automatically according to the ground conditions,it will lead to some phenomena in the drilling tools such as"sticking"and"skewing".Taking the rotary hydraulic system of drilling rig as the research object,the strata distribution of subsurface resources was investigated.The torque and the speed were calculated under different strata.The electromechanical-hydraulic co-simulation model of the rotary system of the drilling rig was constructed based on AMESim and Simulink.Finally,the dynamic characteristics of the rotary system during rock-breaking operations in four types of substrata were investigated.Meanwhile,the effectiveness of drilling rig rotary system in controlling the rotational speed of drilling tools was studied.The results show that,the pressure of the rotary system of the drilling rig can rise from the initial 0 to the working pressure 2.1 MPa within 0.01 s.Additionally,the rotary system has good anti-interference capability and stability during a sudden increase in load torque.And the method of controlling the rotary speed of drilling rig by utilizing the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the motor has a hysteresis of 0.5 s and an error value of no more than 5%.Moreover,this control method possesses a faster response time and higher control accuracy.

关 键 词：深井钻机 液压回转系统 复杂地层 动态特性 随载调速 

分 类 号：TH137[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]