城市大气细颗粒物中烃类污染物的污染特征、来源及影响因素研究  

PM_(2.5)-Bound Hydrocarbon Pollutants in Guangzhou,China:Occurrence,Sources,and Influencing Factors

作　　者：莫文清 樊芸 付思琪 陈艺欢 曾源 陈社军 MO Wenqing;FAN Yun;FU Siqi;CHEN Yihuan;ZENG Yuan;CHEN Shejun(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety&MOE,Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment,School of Environment,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510006,China;State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学环境学院,广东省化学品污染与环境安全重点实验室,教育部环境理论化学重点实验室,广州510006 [2]中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,武汉430072

出　　处：《地球与环境》2024年第4期438-449,共12页Earth and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42207421、42077365);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金联合基金项目(2021A1515110400、2020A1515110534、2020A1515110525)。

摘　　要：正构烷烃、霍烷和甾烷是大气细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))中常见的烃类污染物。然而,这类污染物在城市不同区域的污染特征及其与人类活动之间的关联仍缺乏认识,环境因子对其大气浓度的影响还有待探明。本项目以大城市广州为研究区域,对PM_(2.5)中两类烃类污染物进行分析。结果发现,广州这两类烃类污染物的浓度(正构烷烃:1.75~126 ng/m^(3),霍烷和甾烷:0.077~3.35 ng/m^(3))整体低于我国其他城市;正构烷烃浓度在工业活动相对较为密集的城区较高;石化企业的生产活动对霍烷和甾烷具有潜在的排放贡献。正构烷烃特征指标显示,植物源是PM_(2.5)中该类污染物重要的来源;在市政和工业活动密集的采样点,人为源的影响更为显著。源解析模型也证实,植物源对城区正构烷烃的排放贡献达38.1%,高于生物质燃烧和机动车尾气等排放源。夏季,机动车尾气对霍烷和甾烷的排放贡献明显增加;该类污染物在其他季节主要源于煤燃烧。温度和风速是影响这两类烃类污染物大气浓度最重要的环境因子,与污染物浓度呈负相关;环境因子对正构烷烃浓度的影响与其同系物的碳数有关。N-alkanes,hopanes,and steranes are the typical hydrocarbon pollutants in the atmospheric fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)).However,the district-specific pollution characteristics of these pollutants in a megacity and their association with human activities are still poorly understood,and the influence of environmental factors on their atmospheric concentrations is yet to be explored.In this study,the PM_(2.5)-bound hydrocarbons,including n-alkanes,hopanes,and steranes,were measured at different sites across Guangzhou,China.The results show that the concentrations of these hydrocarbons(n-alkanes:1.75-126 ng/m3,hopanes and steranes:0.077-3.35 ng/m^(3))in Guangzhou were generally lower than those in other cities in China.High concentrations of n-alkanes were mainly found in the districts with more intensive industrial activities.Petrochemical activities potentially contributed to emissions of hopanes and steranes.The indicators of n-alkanes showed that plant sources were the primary source of these pollutants.The influence of anthropogenic sources on n-alkanes was more significant in the intensively industrialized districts and close to the municipal facilities.The source apportionment result also reveals that plant sources contributed 38.1%to the total of n-alkanes in residential areas,which was higher than that of biomass combustion and vehicle emissions.Hopanes and steranes are significantly originated from vehicle emissions in summer but mainly attributed to coal combustion during other seasons.Negative correlations were observed between atmospheric concentrations of these hydrocarbons and the environmental factors,among which temperature and windspeed were found to be the most influential factors.The influence of environmental factors on the concentrations of n-alkanes was dependent upon the number of carbon atoms of them.

关 键 词：大气细颗粒物 烃类污染物 正构烷烃 霍烷 甾烷 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]