除铁减酸反应池处理酸性矿山废水的效果研究  

Effectiveness of Reduction of Iron and Acidity Using Microbiology System on Treating Acid Mine Drainage

作　　者：付金帅 宁增平[2] 李航 肖唐付 姚冬菊 刘意章[2] 孙静 刘承帅 FU Jinshuai;NING Zengping;LI Hang;XIAO Tangfu;YAO Dongju;LIU Yizhang;SUN Jing;LIU Chengshuai(College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Chongqing Three Gorges University,Chongqing 404000,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry,Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guiyang 550081,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,China;College of Eco-Environmental Engineering,Guizhou Minzu University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆三峡学院环境与化学工程学院,重庆404000 [2]中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室,贵阳550081 [3]广州大学环境科学与工程学院,广州510006 [4]贵州民族大学生态环境工程学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《地球与环境》2024年第4期509-524,共16页Earth and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合重点项目(U21A2034);环境地球化学国家重点实验室自主部署项目(2022年)。

摘　　要：通过对除铁减酸反应池(RIAUM)处理酸性矿山废水(AMD)的效果进行持续监测与系统采样分析,查明了RIAUM处理系统中AMD的pH、酸度、总铁以及亚铁等理化指标的变化规律,评估了RIAUM处理系统对不同理化指标的净化效果,探讨了RIAUM各单元的潜在除铁减酸机制。结果表明:RIAUM处理系统运行效果稳定,具有良好的除铁减酸能力,Fe平均去除率在94.00%以上,出水Fe浓度满足《煤炭工业污染物排放标准(GB 20426—2006)》的限值要求;酸度平均去除率为70.29%;此外,RIAUM对Mn、Pb、Cr、Cd、SO_(4)^(2-)均具有一定的去除效果,去除率分别为37.34%、61.65%、86.82%、39.42%、28.56%。RIAUM的潜在除铁减酸机制主要为:氧化沉淀反应单元通过化学氧化沉淀作用和帷幕吸附与过滤作用除铁;微生物反应单元可能存在“二元”Fe净化机制,即在表层水体中,除化学氧化作用外,微生物如铁氧化细菌介导催化了Fe(Ⅱ)的快速氧化沉淀,而在底层水体中则可能依靠硫酸盐还原菌等厌氧细菌介导的SO_(4)^(2-)的还原产生的S2-与水体中的Fe反应生成低溶解度的铁硫化物沉淀,但该作用机制还有待进一步研究证实;碱中和反应单元中,碳酸盐岩溶解能够中和酸度,提升水体pH值。除铁减酸反应池的成功应用将为酸性矿山废水的治理提供重要的理论指导和潜在的技术支撑。Through continuous monitoring,systematic sampling,and analysis,the variations in key physicochemical parameters such as pH,acidity,total iron(Fe_(tot)),and ferrous iron(Fe(Ⅱ))concentrations as well as the efficacy in reducing acidity and concentrations of Fe_(tot),Fe(Ⅱ),SO_(4)^(2-),and select trace elements,of the Reduction of Iron and Acidity Using Microbiology(RIAUM)system for treating Acid Mine Drainage(AMD)was assessed.The potential Fe removal and acidity reduction mechanisms within each RIAUM unit was also explored.Results indicated stable operation of the RIAUM system with notable removal capacities for Fe_(tot) and acidity,achieving an average Fe_(tot) removal rate exceeding 94.00%and an average acidity removal rate of up to 70.29%.Effluent Fe_(tot) concentrations met the limit requirements outlined in the Emission Standard for Pollutants from the Coal Industry of China(GB 20426—2006).Furthermore,RIAUM exhibited removal effects on Mn,Pb,Cr,Cd,and SO_(4)^(2-),with average removal rates of 37.34%,61.65%,86.82%,39.42%,and 28.56%,respectively.The primary purification mechanisms of RIAUM encompassed three aspects.Firstly,in the oxidation-precipitation reaction unit,Fe removal and acidity reduction occurred through natural chemical oxidation-precipitation,as well as curtain adsorption and filtration.Secondly,the microbial reaction unit potentially employed a"binary"Fe purification mechanism.In surface water,besides chemical oxidation,microorganisms such as Fe-oxidizing bacteria facilitated the rapid oxidation and precipitation of Fe(Ⅱ),while in bottom water,S^(2-)generated by the reduction of SO_(4)^(2-) mediated by anaerobic bacteria such as sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB)reacted with Fe to form iron sulfide precipitates with low solubility.However,further comprehensive research is required to validate this purification mechanism.Thirdly,the alkali neutralization reaction unit involved the neutralization of acidity and elevation of the water body's pH through the dissolution of carbonate rocks.The succes

关 键 词：除铁减酸反应池 酸性矿山废水 铁 酸度 微生物 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]