激光技术在天基成像中的应用进展  

Progress in Application of Laser Technology in Space-based Imaging

作　　者：张靖鹏 胡海鹰 董磊[1,2] 郑珍珍 陈起行[1,2] 夏明 颜九妹[1,2] 喻珮珮 ZHANG Jingpeng;HU Haiying;DONG Lei;ZHENG Zhenzhen;CHEN Qihang;XIA Ming;YAN Jiumei;YU Peipei(Innovation Academy for Microsatellites,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201304,China;Shanghai Engineering Center for Microsatellite,Shanghai 201304,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院,上海201304 [2]上海微小卫星工程中心,上海201304

出　　处：《航天器工程》2024年第4期108-116,共9页Spacecraft Engineering

基　　金：中国科学院特别研究助理资助项目(Y3KRCYG01);中国科学院青促会项目(202294)。

摘　　要：针对高轨目标的精细特征识别、亚厘米级空间碎片的探测、全天时全天域成像的主动成像等需求,对目前3类采用激光技术的天基成像手段包括激光雷达三维成像技术、逆合成孔径激光雷达(ISAL)成像技术、激光主动照明成像技术的工作原理、成像性能、优势、应用发展现状进行了对比和总结归纳。对于几类天基激光成像手段,其关键技术均包括了发展小型化高功率激光器,以增强成像的信噪比和成像距离,此外,对于三维激光成像和ISAL成像技术,需要发展大面阵探测器的技术,来提高其成像的视场。总结目前的各类成像手段,ISAL是目前对天基远距离目标逆光成像的唯一手段,具有极大的发展潜力,但在应用时需要考虑逆光条件下的目标跟踪捕获,未来天基应用可以考虑采用逆合成孔径微波雷达技术(ISAR)进行视场引导跟踪。To meet the demand of fine feature recognition of high orbit targets,detection of sub centimeter level space debris,and active imaging technology for all-time and all-space,this paper compares and summarizes the working principles,imaging performance,advantages,and application development status of three types space-based imaging methods,including laser rader 3D imaging technology,Inverse Synthetic Aperture Ladar(ISAL)imaging technology,and laser active illumination imaging technology.For these space-based laser imaging methods,their key technologies include the miniaturized high-power lasers to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio and imaging distance.In addition,for 3D laser imaging and ISAL technology,it is necessary to develop large-array detector technology to improve their imaging field of view.Summarizing up the current various imaging methods,ISAL imaging technology is the only means for backlight imaging of long-distance targets in space,and has great development potential,However,target tracking and capture under backlight conditions need to be considered in application.In the future,ISAL space-based applications can consider using Inverse Synthetic Aperture Microwave Radar(ISAR)technology for field-of-view guided tracking.

关 键 词：激光技术 天基态势感知 精细特征识别 空间碎片 

分 类 号：TN959.6[电子电信—信号与信息处理]