北魏的“女水”与“武川镇”问题  

The Nushui River and Wuchuan Town in the Northern Wei Dynasty

作　　者：莫久愚 MO Jiuyu(Research Center on Chinese Northern Frontier History,Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Science in Inner Mongolia Colleges and Universities,Hohhot 010010,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古高校人文社科重点研究基地中国北疆史研究中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《内蒙古民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第4期1-16,F0002,F0003,共18页Journal of Inner Mongolia Minzu University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：北魏女水应为今天内蒙古中部的锡拉穆仁河与艾不盖河,北魏登国年间解如部、叱突邻部等高车部落驻牧于此。今天的艾不盖河中下游以西的勿居山(无吉山)即今天的白云鄂博。女水之间及其沿河地带是漠南草原南北交通要道,女水下游某处应该是拓跋历次跨越大漠北征柔然的一个前进基地,亦即《魏书》有关纪传中的“漠南”。武川镇设立与征伐柔然有关,设立时间大约在太武帝神茄年间。武川镇最初地点应该在阴山北魏皇家行宫以北,大致在女水源头地区。近年文物考古人员发现的武川县“下南滩”古城,应该是北魏宣武帝景明、正始年间调整后的武川镇城。The Nushui River of the Northern Wei Dynasty likely corresponds to today’s Xilamuren River and Aibugai River in central Inner Mongolia.During the Dengguo period of the Northern Wei,tribes such as Xieru and Chitulin of the Gaoche people pastured in this area.The Wuju Mountain(Wuji Mountain)to the west of the middle and lower reaches of today’s Aibugai River is present-day Bayan Obo.The area between and along the Nushui River was a crucial north-south transportation route in the southern steppe.A location in the lower reaches of the Nushui River likely served as a forward base for the Tuoba’s multiple expeditions across the Gobi Desert to conquer the Rouran,referred to as“south of the Gobi Desert”in the relevant biographies of the Book of Wei.The establishment of Wuchuan Town was related to the conquest of Rouran,likely occurring during Emperor Taiwu’s Shenjia era.The original location of Wuchuan Town was probably north of the Northern Wei imperial palace in the Yinshan Mountains,roughly in the source area of the Nushui River.The ancient city of“Lower South Beach”in Wuchuan County,recently discovered by archaeologists,likely represents the adjusted location of Wuchuan Town during Emperor Xuanwu's Jingming and Zhengshi eras.

关 键 词：女水 勿居山 漠南 渡碛 阴山行宫 白道中溪水 武川镇 

分 类 号：K239.21[历史地理—历史学]