盗寇、镇神与宗族:《嘉应庙敕牒碑》所见宋代江南市镇  

Bandits,Town Gods and Clans:the Towns of Jiangnan in Song Dynasty Seen From The Imperial Edict Monument of Jiaying Temple

作　　者：王旭 WANG Xu

机构地区：[1]扬州大学社会发展学院

出　　处：《北京社会科学》2024年第8期48-59,共12页Social Sciences of Beijing

基　　金：国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项(22VLS005)——中国历史上地方治理的实践及启示。

摘　　要：《嘉应庙敕牒碑》是探讨宋代江南市镇的珍贵史料,通过分析碑文可知,盗寇、镇神与宗族是影响宋代江南市镇发展的三个重要因素。市镇之所以易遭受盗寇劫掠,除了其市场繁荣、聚集大量富室大户外,还因为市镇官权力有限,市镇军事防卫力量薄弱。市镇塑造镇神,不仅可以起到凝聚市镇人心的作用,而且有整合市镇松散地域社会的效果。特别是对于镇民,在各种祭祀和求封活动中,强化了自身市镇居民的身份认同感。宗族大姓对市镇的贡献主要是协助监镇处理镇务,充当镇民与地方官员沟通的桥梁,以及对市镇基础设施进行建设。他们之所以积极参与市镇事务,除了基于自身身份地位而产生的“责任感”外,更重要的是想从这些“公益性”活动中获取更多的权势,以维护家族在市镇中的地位。The Imperial Edict Monument of Jiaying Temple is a precious historical material that discussing Jiangnan towns in Song Dynasty.Through the analysis of the inscription,we can know that bandits,town gods and clans are the three important factors affecting the development of Jiangnan towns in Song Dynasty.The reason why the town was easy to be pillaged by bandits is that their market is prosperous and a large number of wealthy families are concentrated.It is also because of the limited power of the town officials in Song Dynasty and the weak defense forces of the towns.The town's shaping of the town gods can not only play a role in uniting the town's people,but also has the effect of integrating the loose regional society of the town.Especially for the town's people,in various activities of offering sacrifices and seeking titles,they strengthened their sense of identity as townsmen.The contribution of the clans to the town is mainly to assist the town supervisor in handling the town's affairs,to act as a bridge between the townsmen and local officials,and to build the town's infrastructure.The reason why they actively participate in the town affairs,in addition to the“sense of responsibility”based on their own status,more importantly is that they want to obtain more power from these“public welfare”activities,in order to maintain the status of the family in the town.

关 键 词：《嘉应庙敕牒碑》 宋代市镇 碑刻 地方治理 

分 类 号：K24[历史地理—历史学]