基于匹配追踪与核主成分分析的地震信号高分辨率处理方法  

High⁃resolution seismic signal processing method based on matching pursuit and kernel principal component analysis

作　　者：党腾雲 徐天吉 钱忠平[2] 邹振 张红英 DANG Tengyun;XU Tianji;QIAN Zhongping;ZOU Zhen;ZHANG Hongying(School of Resources and Environment,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu,Sichuan 611731,China;National Engineering Research Center for Oil and Gas Exploration Computer Software,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]电子科技大学资源与环境学院,成都611731 [2]油气勘探计算机软件国家工程研究中心,北京100088

出　　处：《石油地球物理勘探》2024年第4期782-789,共8页Oil Geophysical Prospecting

基　　金：中国石油天然气集团有限公司重大科技专项“多物理场高精度油气地球物理探测技术与装备研究”(2023ZZ05);子课题“多波场地震成像与弹性参数同步反演理论与技术”;四川省自然科学基金项目“深层—超深层页岩储层“甜点”智能预测及融合表征方法”(2023NSFSC0255)联合资助。

摘　　要：分辨率是影响地震资料解释结果的一个重要因素,地震信号分辨率低,将导致小断层、薄互层难以识别。为此,将匹配追踪算法与核主成分分析(KPCA)方法应用于地震资料处理,提出了基于匹配追踪与核主成分分析的地震信号高分辨率处理方法。首先,利用匹配追踪算法通过稀疏分解不断迭代得到地震信号的最有效信息;然后,将子波替换为宽带Ricker子波进行整形处理,有效压制子波旁瓣,提高地震资料分辨率;最后,用核主成分分析方法将原始地震信号非线性映射到高维空间,在高维空间内重建地震信号,消除冗余信息。实际资料应用表明,经所提方法处理后的地震信号,波形更清晰,细节更丰富,处理结果有利于断层识别、薄层刻画,为后续地质资料解释、储层预测提供数据基础。Resolution is an important factor affecting the interpretation of seismic data.Low seismic signal reso⁃lution can lead to difficulties in identifying small faults and thin interbeds.To address this issue,this study pro⁃poses a high⁃resolution seismic signal processing method based on a matching pursuit algorithm and kernel prin⁃cipal component analysis(KPCA).Firstly,the matching pursuit algorithm is utilized to iteratively obtain the most effective information on seismic signals through sparse decomposition.Next,the wavelet is replaced by a wideband Ricker wavelet for shaping processing,effectively suppressing the side lobes of the wavelet and im⁃proving the resolution of seismic data.Finally,the original seismic signals are mapped to a high⁃dimensional space through nonlinear mapping using KPCA,and the seismic signals are reconstructed in the high⁃dimen⁃sional space to eliminate redundant information.Practical applications demonstrate that the seismic signals pro⁃cessed by this method exhibit clearer waveforms and richer details,which are beneficial for fault identification and characterization of thin bed,thereby providing a data foundation for subsequent geological data interpreta⁃tion and reservoir prediction.

关 键 词：匹配追踪 高分辨 子波整形 核主成分分析 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]