超深层油气地震勘探技术进展  

Ultra⁃deep oil and gas reservoir seismic prospecting technologies progress

作　　者：李亚林 LI Yain(BGP Inc.,CNPC,Zhuozhou,Hebei 072751,China)

机构地区：[1]东方地球物理公司,河北涿州072751

出　　处：《石油地球物理勘探》2024年第4期915-924,共10页Oil Geophysical Prospecting

基　　金：中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大科技项目“塔里木盆地深层油气高效勘探开发理论及关键技术研究”(ZD2019-189);中国石油天然气股份有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目“塔里木盆地大油气田增储上产关键技术研究及应用”(2018E-18)联合资助。

摘　　要：超深层油气逐渐成为中国乃至全球探明储量、产量的重要增长极(点),超深层油气地震勘探技术的研究与应用意义重大。为此,以塔里木超深层油气藏为研究对象,首先分析超深层油气藏的地震、地质条件及地震勘探面临的难题;然后总结了超深层油气三代地震勘探技术的形成、发展历程及应用成果、效果;最后对该技术发展思路进行了展望。研究认为:以宽线+三维观测、高速层激发、叠前时间偏移为核心的第一代超深层油气地震勘探技术解决了超深层地震资料的信噪比低的难题;以三维、宽方位、较高密度观测、叠前深度偏移为核心的第二代超深层油气地震勘探技术初步解决了超深层地震成像归位不准的难题;以高密度宽方位三维观测、增能降噪地震激发、深层地震保真扩频、真地表TTI深度偏移成像、分级断裂刻画与组合、OVT域相控反演及雕刻等为核心的第三代超深层油气地震勘探技术基本解决了超深层地震高精度成像难题,有效支撑了富满超深层十亿吨大油田和博孜—大北超深层万亿方大气田的发现和探明;增能降噪、保真拓频、聚焦归位和解耦映射是未来超深层油气地震勘探技术的重点发展方向。The ultra‑deep oil and gas reservoir gradually becomes an important growth point of explored reserves and production nationwide and worldwide,and the research and application of ultra‑deep oil and gas reservoir seismic prospecting technology are of great significance.To this end,with the ultra‑deep oil and gas reservoir in Tarim as the research target,the difficulties faced by the seismic and geological conditions and seismic prospecting of ultra‑deep oil and gas reservoirs are analyzed.The formation,development,and application results and effects of the third‑generation seismic prospecting technology for ultra‑deep oil and gas reservoir are summarized,and the development strategy of this technology is prospected.The research suggests that the first generation of ultra‑deep oil and gas reservoir seismic prospecting technology mainly based on wide‑line and 3D geometry,high‑velocity layer excitation,and pre‑stack time migration has settled the low signal‑to‑noise ratio in ultra‑deep seismic data.The second generation of ultra‑deep oil and gas reservoir seismic technology mainly based on 3D,wide azimuth,higher‑density geometry,and prestack depth migration has preliminarily resolved the inaccurate location of ultra‑deep seismic data imaging.The third generation of ultra‑deep reservoir seismic technology is mainly based on high‑density and wide‑azimuth 3D geometry,enhanced energy and noise reduction for seismic excitation,deep layer spectrum spread and fidelity,true surface TTI depth migration imaging,segmented fault interpretation and combination,OVT domain phase‑controlled inversion and interpretation,etc.This techno‑logy has basically overcome the high‑precision imaging problem of ultra‑deep seismic data and effectively supports the discovery and exploration of the Fuman ultra‑deep ten‑billion‑ton oilfield and the Bozi‑Dabei ultra‑deep trillion‑cubic‑meter gas field.The energy enhancement and noise reduction,the spectrum spread and fidelity,the focus locat

关 键 词：超深层油气 地震勘探技术 增能降噪 保真拓频 聚焦归位 解耦映射 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]