中国公司海外上游油气项目获取30年历程回顾与思考  

Review and insights on 30-year journey of Chinese companies'acquisition of overseas upstream oil and gas projects

作　　者：王建君[1] 李浩武[1] 窦立荣[1] 曹庆超 张宁宁[1] WANG Jianjun;LI Haowu;DOU Lirong;CAO Qingchao;ZHANG Ningning(Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development,PetroChina,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《世界石油工业》2024年第4期12-23,共12页World Petroleum Industry

基　　金：中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技专项“海外油气地质新理论资源评价新技术与超前选区研究”(2023ZZ07)。

摘　　要：1993年中国公司开始走向海外拓展上游油气业务,其发展历程是一部波澜壮阔、筚路蓝缕的奋斗史,也是一部艰难求索、不断成长的学习史。纵观30年中国公司海外上游油气项目获取的拓展之路,可划分为尝试起步、稳健发力、规模发展和优化调整4个阶段。中国公司“走出去”的上游油气项目获取之路和实施效果展现出5个特点:(1)高油价期间并购项目多,低油价期间招标项目多;(2)中国石油、中国石化、中国海油“三桶油”后续发展有一定基础,但维持现有规模压力大;(3)高油价期间“走的急”,“小大非”项目略显被动;(4)作业者项目掌控力强,自主勘探效益好;(5)政府主导项目有保障,全方位合作受益多。在此基础上得出4点启示,为中国公司油气业务“走出去、走上去”高质量发展提供有益的借鉴:(1)紧跟国家战略,深化产业合作;(2)保持战略定力,聚焦优势领域;(3)继续争当作业者,多拿勘探项目;(4)强调优势互补,携手共克难关。在全球油气资产日益复杂的大背景下,中国公司只有充分发挥比较优势,弥补自身弱项的同时有效提升与国际大型石油公司的竞争力,才能获取更多的优质海外上游油气项目,取得良好的经营业绩,有效保障国家能源安全。Since 1993,Chinese companies have been expanding their oil and gas business overseas.Its development history is a magnificent and arduous struggle,as well as a difficult and constantly growing learning journey.Reviewing on the 30-year journey at the expansion path of Chinese companies'overseas oil and gas projects acquisition,it can be divided into four stages:getting started,steady development,scale expansion,and optimization&adjustment.Overall,the acquisition journey and implementation effect of Chinese companies'oil and gas assets acquired from“Going Global”show 5 distinct characteristics:(1)There are more M&A projects during the period of high oil prices,more bidding projects during the period of low oil prices;(2)CNPC,Sinopec and CNOOC have certain foundations for their future developments,but there is significant pressure to maintain the current scale;(3)During the period of high oil prices,the pace of“Going Global”is urgent,and“small equity,large investment and non operator”projects are slightly passive;(4)There are strong control over the operator's projects,and independent exploration often has good benefits;(5)Government led projects are guaranteed,and there are more benefits through comprehensive cooperation.Based on the analysis,4 inspirations are drawn to provide useful references for the high-quality development of Chinese companies'oil and gas business“going global and going high level”:(1)Closely following national strategies and deepening industrial cooperation;(2)Maintain strategic focus and concentrate on advantageous areas;(3)Keeping strive to be project operator and acquire more exploration projects;(4)Focus on complementary advantages and work together to overcome difficulties.In the context of increasingly complex global oil and gas assets,Chinese companies should develop comparative advantages,compensate for one's own weaknesses,and effectively enhance their competitiveness with international large oil companies in order to obtain more high-quality overseas upstream oil and

关 键 词：中国公司 油气业务 国际化 项目获取 中国石油 中国石化 中国海油 

分 类 号：TE-9[石油与天然气工程]