地下储氢技术现状及在中国加快发展的可行性  

Global status and China rapid development feasibility of underground hydrogen storage technology

作　　者：张俊法 曾大乾 陈诗望 王祖纲 ZHANG Junfa;ZENG Daqian;CHEN Shiwang;WANG Zugang(Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute,Beijing 100081,China;CNPC Economics and Technology Research Institute,Beijing 100724,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石化石油勘探开发研究院天然气研究所,北京100081 [2]中国石油集团经济技术研究院,北京100724

出　　处：《世界石油工业》2024年第4期114-119,共6页World Petroleum Industry

基　　金：中国石油化工股份有限公司科技与信息管理部项目“地下盐穴储氢库址筛选及评价方法研究”(P22206)。

摘　　要：随着能源转型升级需求的日益迫切,氢能以其零污染、零碳排、无次生污染的优势,将成为中国能源体系的重要组成部分,也是中国石化新能源业务的主要主攻方向。目前,中国主要采用高压气态储氢、低温液态储氢和固态合金储氢等地面储氢方式,其储氢成本高,储氢效率低。与地面储氢相比,地下储氢以其规模大、成本低、更高的安全性,展现出更为广阔的发展潜力和应用前景。在国际上,混合储氢技术已在法国、德国等国家实现了一定规模的应用;纯氢气地下存储技术在美国取得较好的应用效果,但在中国这一领域的应用和研究近乎空白,尚处于起步阶段。针对氢气强流动性、高泄漏风险及强腐蚀性的特点,通过研究明确地下储氢面临的技术挑战,包括对圈闭密封性、地层条件、完井材料、地面工艺等方面。从枯竭油气藏资源、盐岩资源、储气库建设与运行管理技术等方面出发,分析中国开展地下储氢技术的可行性。中国西部和中东部拥有多个大型油气藏,枯竭油气藏资源丰富,具备开展地下混合氢储试验和氢储能的条件;盐岩分布广泛,用盐穴储存纯氢或氢储能切实可行;中国在气藏型储气库和盐穴型储气库建设与运行管理技术方面已积累了丰富经验和技术储备。综合分析认为中国具备了开展地下储氢的条件和技术。With the increasing demand for energy transformation and upgrading,hydrogen energy,with its characteristics of zero pollution,zero carbon emission and no secondary pollution,will become an important part of China's energy system and the main direction of Sinopec's new energy business.China mainly uses high pressure gaseous hydrogen storage,low temperature liquid hydrogen storage and solid alloy hydrogen storage,which is high cost and low efficiency of hydrogen storage.Compared with surface hydrogen storage,underground hydrogen storage is large in scale,low in cost,safer and has a better development prospect.The hybrid hydrogen storage technology has been applied to a certain scale in France and Germany.Pure hydrogen underground storage technology has achieved good application results in the United States,but there is almost no application and research in China.By studying the characteristics of strong fluidity,high leakage risk and strong corrosion of hydrogen,the technical challenges faced by underground hydrogen storage are identified,including the sealing of traps,formation conditions,completion materials,surface technology and so on.This paper analyzes the feasibility of developing underground hydrogen storage technology in China from the aspects of exhausted oil and gas reservoir resources,salt rock resources,gas storage construction and operation management technology.There are many large oil and gas reservoirs in western and central and eastern China,which are rich in depleted oil and gas resources,and have the conditions to carry out underground mixed hydrogen storage experiments and hydrogen energy storage.Salt rock is widely distributed,so it is feasible to store pure hydrogen or hydrogen energy storage in salt cavern.With mature key technology of gas reservoir storage and salt cavern storage construction and operation technology,it is concluded that China has the conditions and technology to develop underground hydrogen storage.

关 键 词：地下储氢 盐穴 枯竭油气藏 盖层破坏 井筒泄漏 矿物化学反应 氢脆 

分 类 号：TE349[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]