预冷涡轮组合循环发动机及其关键技术研究综述  

Overview of Precooled Turbine-based Combined Cycle Engine and Its Key Technologies

作　　者：李韦康 张乐临 申丽艳 王聪 秦江[1,2] LI Wei-kang;ZHANG Le-lin;SHEN Li-yan;WANG Cong;QIN Jiang(School of Energy Science and Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China;Chongqing Research Institute of HIT,Harbin Institute of Technology,Chongqing 401151,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学能源科学与工程学院,哈尔滨150001 [2]哈尔滨工业大学重庆研究院,重庆401151

出　　处：《航空发动机》2024年第4期16-29,共14页Aeroengine

摘　　要：预冷涡轮组合循环发动机技术是继涡轮基组合循环发动机、火箭基组合循环发动机、涡轮火箭组合循环发动机之后新的技术路线。为了深入了解预冷涡轮组合循环发动机的发展现状,评估该循环方案的发展潜力,从换热器预冷及射流预冷角度出发,综述了先进预冷发动机循环方案、射流预冷技术以及预冷器技术发展进程,并提出采用化学燃料预冷的若干技术方法,致力于提高预冷涡轮组合发动机总体性能,为高超声速组合发动机的发展提供新的思路和方向。预冷涡轮组合发动机技术是高超声速飞行领域的关键创新。通过不断优化预冷器的设计、提高换热效率,同时考虑到结构紧凑性和重量管理,能显著提升发动机性能。研究显示,采用先进的预冷技术能够拓展飞行马赫数,实现更高的燃料效率和性能。尽管技术挑战依然存在,如氢脆问题和预冷器的抗结冰需求,未来的研究将继续探索新的材料和设计方案,以克服这些难题。总体上,预冷涡轮组合发动机技术代表了空天飞行器推进系统的未来方向,预示着在高速飞行和可重复使用空天飞行器方面的重大突破。The precooled turbine-based combined cycle engine technology represents a new technical direction following the turbinebased combined cycle engine,the rocket-based combined cycle engine,and the turbo-rocket combined cycle engine.To deeply understand the current development status of the precooled turbine-based combined cycle engine and assess the development potential of this cycle configuration,this article reviews the development process of advanced precooled engine cycle schemes,jet precooling technol⁃ogy,and precooler technology from the perspectives of heat exchanger precooling and jet precooling.It also introduces several technical methods using chemical fuel precooling,aiming to improve the overall performance of the precooled turbine combined engines and provide new ideas and directions for the development of hypersonic combined engines.The precooled turbine combined engine technology is a key innovation in the field of hypersonic flight.By continuously optimizing the design of the precooler and improving the heat exchange efficiency,while considering structural compactness and weight management,engine performance can be significantly improved.Research indicates that the adoption of advanced precooling technology can expand the flight Mach number range,and achieve higher fuel efficiency and performance.Despite ongoing technical challenges still exist,such as hydrogen embrittlement and precooler anti-icing requirements,new materials and design schemes will be continually explored to overcome these challenges in future research.Overall,the precooled turbine combined engine technology represents the future direction of the propulsion systems for space vehicles,signifying a significant breakthrough in high-speed flight and reusable space vehicles.

关 键 词：高超声速发动机 预冷组合循环发动机 预冷器 射流预冷 化学预冷 

分 类 号：V235.1[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]